Flatworm and Roundworms

What is a coelom?

A fluid filled body cavity

How many openings does a flatworm's digestive system have?

One the mouth/anus

Which phylum are flatworms in?

Platyhelminthes

How do flatworms differ from sponges in terms of organs?

Flatworms have three cell layers, tissues, and organs. Sponges don't have tissues or organs

What is a pseudocoelomate?

A flatworm that has a false coelom

What is an acoelomate?

A flatworm that does not have a coelom

How does having a mesoderm relate to flatworms being classified as acoelomates?

The space where a body cavity would be present is taken up by 3 layers of skin (ectoderm, mesoderm, endoderm). The space the mesoderm takes up leaves no room for a body cavity

What do member of the phylum Platyhelminthes use for aquiring food?

The pharynx (a muscular tube that extends from the mouth to pump food in)

Members of the class Cestoda are in which phylum?

Platyhelminthes

Which type of symmetry do flatworms have?

Bilateral

What is cephalization?

Occurs when nervous tissues become concentrated toward one end of the organism over time, producing a head with sensory organs

Why do flatworms not require a circulatory system?

Flatworm's are a layer of tissue. Tissue transports and absorbs nutrients It's small, doesn't need anything complex

What do protonephridia do?

Maintain () balance.

What function do flame cells in flatworms have?

Remove waste materials.

Groups of nerve cells in flatworms are called:

Ganglia

Oceli sense what?

Light

Why do parisitic form of flatworms have less complex nervous systems?

They feed off of their hosts and absorb food, do they don't do much work, and don't need these complex systems

Why do tapeworms not require a pharynx?

The food they absorb is predigested, they obtain food from their hosts. The host digests the food for the worm, no pharynx is necessary to do this work

What is mutual insemination?

Occurs when sperm and eggs are exchanged from both parties

What is a major difference between members of the class Turbellaria and Cestoda?

Turbellaria are free living, Cestoda are parisitic

Blood flukes are members of the class___ and phlyum ___

Trematoda Platyhelminthes

What does it mean if an organism is hermaphroditic?

It has both female and male cells and organs

What to tapeworm proglottids contain?

Complete sets of both male and female reproductive systems

Members of the class Trematoda complete their __ phase in their __ and their __ phase in their __ host

Asexual Intermediate Sexual Final

What two things would a terrestrial flatworm use in propulsion?

Stomachs/ Undersides help them to move across surfaces, slime surface helps them slide across surfaces

List one function of a scolex

Attaches to the intestinal wall with its suckers/hooks

Which phylum are nematodes in?

Nemotoda

Do roundworms have segments?

No

Muscles together with fluids in pseudocoelom function as hydrostatic skeleton to enable worms to do what?

Swim in water and push through soil

How does the digestive system differ between flatworms and roundworms?

Flatworms have a gastrovascular system with only one opening,

Roundworms have a complete digestive system with two openings

What is sexual dimorphism?

Difference in physical traits between females and males of the same species

How many tissue layers do nematodes have?

Three

Ascarid worms are a cause of what?

Ascariasis

How can you contract Trichinella and where do juveniles reside in one's body?

By eating pork that is undercooked or raw. When larvae are ingested, they develop into adult worms in the gastrointestinal tract. They then move into the stomach and small intestines

Where in a body do filarial worms live?

In the human lymph blood vessels

Filarial worms are transmitted to people via?

Bug bites (Mosquito bites)

An example of an ailment cause by filarial worms would be

Elephantiasis

What does tripoblastic mean?

Three layers

What are the three tissue layers of flatworms and roundworms?

Ectoderm, Mesoderm, Endoderm

Do roundworms and flatworms have organs and organ systems?

Yes

In worms, which formed first the anus or mouth?

The mouth

What process carries nutrition and wastes in flatworms?

Diffusion

What structures on flatworms can you use to identify their symmetry?

Eye spots on the left and right sides, as well as the head and tail

How do flatworms move on land and in water?

Uses a rope of mucus to pull itself forward, use cilia to glide through water

How are the dorsal and ventral sides of the flatworm different?

On the dorsal side the colors are darker, on the ventral side the colors are lighter

Where are the nerve cells in a flatworm located?

On the anterior side (head)

Which class do Planarians belong to?

Turbellaria

What body structure in flatworms sense light?

The eyespots

Where do bloodflukes live in invertebrates?

In the blood

Where do tapeworms live in invertebrates?

In the small intestines

What is an advantage of having sense organs in the anterior rather than the posterior end?

The flatworm moves forward continually, so having it's head contain sense organs makes the flatworm more able to detect objects approaching them

What does the excretory system of a flatworm do?

Regulates water

Do planarians (non parasitic flatworm) have blood?

No

Where is the coelom located?

Between the endoderm and mesoderm