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77 Terms

1

Cynvenio, Vortex, and CellInsight CX5 instruments

Used for analyzing and isolating cells, often in cancer research.

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2

Bright field microscopy/compound light microscopy

Standard light microscope where specimens appear dark against a bright background.

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3

Paraffin sections

Use wax for preserving samples.

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4

Cryostat/Cryosections

Freeze samples for quick processing.

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5

Phase contrast microscopy

Enhances contrast in transparent samples, useful for viewing live cells.

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6

Nomarski/DIC microscopy

Provides 3D-like images by enhancing contrast in unstained samples.

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7

Patch clamp

Measures electrical activity in individual cells, often used in neuroscience.

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8

Darkfield microscopy

Illuminates specimens at an angle, making them appear bright on a dark background.

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9

Polarizing light microscopy

Uses polarized light to study structures like crystals or fibers.

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10

Spinning Disk Confocal microscopy

Captures fast-moving live cell images with low photodamage.

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11

Point Scanning Confocal microscopy

Uses a laser to scan a sample point by point, reducing background noise.

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12

Vivascope

A type of confocal microscope for imaging skin non-invasively.

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13

Fluorescence Microscopy

Uses fluorescent dyes to highlight specific cell parts.

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14

FRAP (Fluorescence Recovery After Photobleaching)

Studies movement of molecules in membranes.

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15

FRET (Förster Resonance Energy Transfer)

Measures molecular interactions based on energy transfer between fluorescent molecules.

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16

FRET biosensor

A molecular tool that detects specific biological activities using FRET.

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17

TIRF (Total Internal Reflection Fluorescence microscopy)

Highlights molecules at the cell surface with minimal background noise.

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18

Vital fluorescent dyes

Stains used to observe live cells without killing them.

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19

Fluorescence immunocytochemistry

Uses fluorescent antibodies to label proteins in cells.

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20

ELISA (Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay)

Detects and measures proteins like antibodies or hormones.

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21

Microspectrofluorometry/Plate Reading Spectrofluorometer

Measures fluorescence in small samples, often used in microplates.

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22

Polyclonal antibodies

Recognize multiple parts of a protein.

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23

Monoclonal antibodies

Target a single site on a protein.

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24

GFP, YFP, CFP as reporter molecules

Fluorescent proteins used to track gene expression and cell activity.

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25

Apoptosis

Programmed cell death.

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26

Necrosis

Accidental cell death.

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27

Autoradiography

Uses radioactive markers to detect molecules in cells or tissues.

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28

FISH (Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization)

Detects specific DNA sequences in chromosomes.

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29

Intracellular injection techniques

Methods to introduce substances into cells, e.g., microinjection and electroporation.

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30

Transmission electron microscopy (TEM)

Provides detailed images of thin cell sections using electron beams.

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31

High voltage electron microscopy

A more powerful version of TEM for thick samples.

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32

Scanning electron microscopy (SEM)

Produces 3D images of surfaces using electrons.

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33

Plastic thin sectioning

Embeds samples in plastic for thin-section imaging.

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34

Freeze fracture

Splits frozen cells to examine internal structures.

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35

Ultrastructural autoradiography

Combines autoradiography with electron microscopy for detailed imaging.

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36

Ultrastructural immunocytochemistry

Uses antibodies to detect proteins in cell structures at an ultrastructural level.

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37

Electron tomography

Creates 3D reconstructions of cells from electron microscope images.

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38

Laser-capture microdissection microscopy

Isolates specific cells from a sample for further study.

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39

Atomic Force Microscopy

Uses a tiny probe to create 3D images of cell surfaces.

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40

Scanning Tunneling Microscopy

Examines surfaces at the atomic level using electrical currents.

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41

Two-photon microscopy

Uses two photons to image deeper into tissues with minimal damage.

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42

Super-Resolution Microscopy

Breaks the resolution limit of traditional light microscopy for highly detailed images.

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43

Deconvolution Microscopy

Improves image clarity by computationally removing blur.

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44

SELDI-TOF/MALDI-TOF

Techniques for analyzing proteins based on mass spectrometry.

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45

Densitometer

Measures the intensity of bands in gels or blots.

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46

Pulse-chase

Tracks how molecules move and change over time in cells.

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47

Radioactive tagging

Labels molecules with radioactive markers for tracking.

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48

EGTA

Chelates calcium.

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49

Protease

Breaks down proteins.

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50

FACS/Flow cytometry

Sorts and analyzes cells based on their properties using lasers.

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51

Guava

A compact flow cytometry system.

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52

Velocity sedimentation

Separates cells based on their size and weight.

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53

Dynabeads

Magnetic beads used to isolate specific molecules or cells.

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54

Speedbeads

Another type of magnetic beads used in isolation processes.

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55

Veridex CellSearch System

Detects rare circulating tumor cells in blood.

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56

Trituration

Breaks down cells mechanically by pipetting.

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57

Detergents (SDS and Triton X-100)

Used to break cell membranes for protein extraction.

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58

Differential centrifugation

Separates cellular components by spinning samples at different speeds.

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59

Equilibrium Density (Rate Zonal) centrifugation

Uses a density gradient to separate molecules based on weight.

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60

DEAE and CM Ion exchange chromatography

Separates proteins based on charge differences.

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61

Gel filtration

Separates molecules by size.

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62

Affinity Chromatography

Captures proteins based on specific binding interactions.

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63

Protein A immunoprecipitation

Isolates antibodies and their target proteins.

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64

Dialysis

Removes small molecules from a protein solution using a membrane.

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65

Native gel electrophoresis

Separates proteins based on size and shape while maintaining their natural state.

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66

SDS gel electrophoresis

Separates proteins by size after denaturing them.

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67

Isoelectric focusing

Separates proteins based on their charge at a specific pH.

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68

2-D gel electrophoresis

Separates proteins first by charge, then by size.

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69

Western blots

Detects specific proteins in a sample using antibodies.

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70

Photoreactive amino acids

Modified amino acids that react to light for studying protein interactions.

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71

Cell lines/strains

Cultured cells used for research.

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72

Fetal bovine serum/defined media

Supplements used in cell culture for growth.

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73

Biological scaffolds

Structures that support cell growth in tissue engineering.

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74

Tissue engineering

Creating artificial tissues for medical applications.

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75

Microporous membranes

Used for cell culture and filtration.

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76

Bioprinting/3D printing

Uses cells to print tissue structures.

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77

Decellularization

Removes cells from a tissue, leaving behind only the extracellular matrix for use in transplants.

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