BMS 807 Exam 2: Blood, Bone Marrow, and Hematopoiesis

In terms of histology, what type of tissue is blood?

Specialized connective tissue

How is blood a fluid connective tissue?

Cells are supsended in a liquid extracellular matrix

What are the functions of blood?

Transport, defense, regulation, and cleaning

What are the components of blood?

Plasma, eythrocytes, leukocytes, and thrombocytes

What component of blood does this describe?

-Liquid component of blood

-Makes up 55% of blood

-Contains water, electrolytes, proteins, hormones, and waste products

Plasma

What component of blood does this describe?

-Contain hemoglobin

-Transport oxygen and carbon dioxide

Erythrocytes

What component of blood does this describe?

-Responsible for immune response

-Two major groups: granulocytes/polymorphonuclear and agranulocytes

Leukocytes

What component of blood does this describe?

-Helps prevent bleeding by forming clots

Thrombocytes

What are some defining features of erythrocytes that were discussed in histology?

Contains hemoglobin, anucleated, rich in actin, flexible, and facilities gas exchange

Platelet aggregation occurs by binding what?

Fibrinogen

Platelet coagulation activity involves what?

Thrombin

What are the two compartments of bone marrow?

Marrow stromal compartment and hematopoietic compartment

What compartment of bone marrow does this describe?

-Contains adipose cells, fibroblasts, stromal cells, vascular endothelial cells, macrophages, and blood vessels

Marrow stromal compartment

What compartment of bone marrow does this describe?

-Develops elements of blood

Hematopoietic compartment

What supplies the hemotopoietic tissue of bone marrow with nutrients and blood?

Nutrient artery through network of arterioles and capillary plexuses

What is the site of exchange in blood and hematopoietic cells?

Medullary sinusoids

How does deoxygenated blood and waste products leave the bone?

The nutrient vein

What do mature blood cells cross in order to reach the central vein and reach the peripheral blood?

Sinusoidal endothelium

What is yellow/stromal bone marrow?

Modified fibroblasts

What is unique about yellow/stromal bone marrow?

Can convert to adipocytes

What stimulates the production of erythroid progenitor cells?

Erythropoietin

What does a left shift indicate?

Presence of immature neutrophils in the blood

What are the functions of eosinophils?

Release toxic granules, trigger inflammation, degrade/inactive mediators

What are the functions of basophils?

Aid in inflammatory response, trigger allergy symptoms

What are monocytes and lymphocytes a part of?

Innate immune system

Fibrinogen bridges between GP IIb/IIIa receptors on adjacent platelets to create what?

Primary hemostatic plug

Fibrin initiates the coagulation cascade. What is the function of this?

Plug stabilization

What is aplastic anemia?

Inability to produce enough new blood cells