Dual Credit Medical Terminology Unit 4 Directional Guide

Explain the difference between mechanical and chemical digestion

Mechanical digestion is a purely physical process that does not change the chemical nature of the food. Instead, it makes the food smaller to increase both surface area and mobility.

In chemical digestion, starting in the mouth, digestive secretions break down complex food molecules into their chemical building blocks.

If your patient was experiencing hematemesis, what would you expect to see?

Vomit with blood

What are the main functions of the large intestines? (SELECT ALL THAT APPLY)

Elimination of waste products

Form & Store feces until elimination

Finish Absorption of nutrients and water

Using medical term word parts, what does dysphagia translate to?

difficult swallowing or difficulty eating

Which condition is characterized by high levels of glucose in the blood due to insufficient insulin production?

Hyperglycemia

Two or more hormones can interact to affect the response of cells in a variety of ways. The most common types of interaction are as follows:(SELECT ALL THAT APPLY)

permissive effect

antagonistic effect

synergistic effect,

Briefly compare/contrast the following:

Type 1 diabetes

Type 2 diabetes

Gestational diabetes

• Type 1 diabetes: occurs when the body mounts an autoimmune

response against the pancreas cells that produce insulin. People

with type 1 diabetes must take insulin every day.

• Type 2 diabetes: occurs when the body does not utilize the insulin

the body produces, causing unstable blood sugar levels. People at

risk of type 2 diabetes can prevent or delay onset by making lifestyle

changes.

• Gestational diabetes occurs in pregnant women who do not have a

history of diabetes.

What is the specialty in the field of medicine that focuses on the treatment of endocrine system disorders?

endocrinology

What is/are the function(s) of the urinary system? (Select all that apply)

Remove waste products and medicine from the body

Release hormones to control blood pressure

Balance the body’s fluids

What is the term for painful urination?

dysuria

The primary functional unit of the kidney is the:

Nephron

Which organs make up the urinary system? (select all that apply)

Ureters

Kidney

Urethra

Using medical terminology word parts, define the term “nephropathy."

Disease of the kidney

What is being removed in each of these terms?

Orchidectomy

Orchiectomy

Vasectomy

Orchidectomy:testicle

Orchiectomy:testicle

Vasectomy: ductus (vas) deferens, or vas deferens, or small section of the ductus (vas) deferen

What is the term for the inflammation of the prostate gland?

Prostatitis

What does the term "oligospermia" refer to?

Low sperm count

The term "hydrocele" in the male reproductive system refers to:

A fluid-filled sac around a testicle

What is being removed in each of these terms?

Hysterectomy

Mastectomy

Oophorectomy

Salpingectomy

Hysterectomy:uterus

Mastectomy:breast

Oophorectomy:ovary

Salpingectomy:fallopian tube

The male gonads are called ____ ; the female gonads are called ____.

testes

ovaries

Which of the following conditions involves the growth of endometrial tissue outside the uterus?

Endometriosis

What does the abbreviation PCOS mean?

Polycystic Ovary Syndrome

Which of the following correctly matches the stage of labor with its primary characteristic? (SELECT ALL THAT APPLY)

First Stage - Full dilation of the cervix 

Second Stage - Delivery of the baby (not placenta)

Third Stage - Delivery of the placenta 

What is hyperemesis gravida?

Excessive vomiting during pregnancy

Arrange the following stages of human development in the correct chronological order:

zygote, embryo, fetus, neonate

Using medical terminology word parts, what is the difference between a monozygotic pregnancy and a dizygotic pregnancy?

monozygotic pregnancy: one zygote splits into two, resulting in identical twins

dizygotic pregnancy: two zygotes form, implant, and develop, resulting in fraternal twins