ARH Exam 4

Art of the Warrior Lords

5th to 10th centuries; after the fall of Rome the Huns, Merovingians, Franks, Gothics, Vikings, and others competed to control different territories in Western Europe; strong interest in abstract designs, interlacing details

Hiberno-Saxon Art

6th to 10th centuries; Hibernia - Roman name for Ireland, and Saxon - one of the groups who settled in England; refers to the monastic art produced in the British Isles, many being manuscripts

Carolingian Art

8th to 9th century; Charlemagne is crowned the Holy Roman Emperor and his family name is where we get the title of the period - Carolingian (Carolus Magnus)

Ottonian Art

In the mid 10th century, a new line of Emperors, the Ottonians, consolidated the Eastern part of Charlemagne’s former empire

Cloisonné

making a design and then filling the voids with stone and glass

The Book of Kells

illuminated manuscript illustrating the four gospels, incredibly detailed, made by monks in the British Isles in around 800

Scriptorium

a room in a monastery set apart for writing/copying manuscripts

Double Transept Plan

Charlemagne

crowned Holy Roman Emperor on December 25, 800 by Pope Leo III

Carolingian Renaissance

the first of three medieval renaissances, period of cultural activity in the Carolingian Empire, taking inspiration from the Christian Roman Empire of the 4th century

Clositer

square area within an inner courtyard that is a garden, meant to be a reference to the garden of Eden, used as a place of meditation for the monks that lived there

Holy Roman Empire

ruled over much of Western and Central Europe from the 9th to 19th century trying to restore the Christendom of the Roman Empire

High Cross

freestanding stone sculptures used as boundary markers of significant territories

Illuminated Manuscripts

a handwritten book thats decorative illustrations were painted in gold and rich colors, making the pages shimmer

The Four Evangelists

Matthew, Mark, Luke, and John

Islam

Islam is a monotheistic religion founded in the 7th century by the prophet Muhammad in the Arabian Peninsula. It is based on the belief in one God, Allah, and the teachings of the Quran, which is considered the holy book of Islam. Muslims follow the Five Pillars of Islam, which include the declaration of faith, prayer, giving to charity, fasting during Ramadan, and making a pilgrimage to Mecca.

Mosque

Islamic place of worship

The Prophet Muhammad

founder of Islam

Minaret

a tall, slender tower, typically part of a Mosque

Quran

Islamic sacred texts

Cuerda Seca Tiles

tile-making technique that results in intricate tiles

Aniconism

avoidance of the figural image

Qibla Wall

the wall in a mosque that faces Mecca

The Alhambra

a palace and fortress located in Spain, one of the best-preserved examples of Islamic architecture

Hypostyle prayer hall

mosque in which the prayer hall is made up of rows created by vertical support beams or columns

Double-tiered arches

Horseshoe arch

Multilobed Arch

Caligraphy

used in Islamic art because images of people and animals was discouraged

Muqarnas

3-D architectural decorative element in domes and semi-domes

Mihrab

a niche in the wall of a mosque at the point nearest to Mecca

Pointed Arch

Sinan

Ottoman Architect responsible for developing and refining the classical Ottoman architectural style who served as the Empire’s chief architect from 1539 until 1588

Romanesque Architecture

architectural style of medieval Europe characterized by semi-circular arches

Pilgrimages

important motif in medieval texts

Reliquary (Relics)

container for holy relics

The Crusades

a series of religious wars between Christians and Muslims, primarily over the control of holy sites

Quadrant Arch

Buttresses

projecting support of stone or brick built against a wall

Pilgrimage Church

a church to which pilgrimages are regularly made or a church along a pilgrimage route

Tympanum

space forming in the center of a pediment, typically decorated

Jambs

a side post or surface of a doorway, window, or fireplace

Last Judgement Scenes

displayed on or in front of a church to scare people into seeking penance and attending church

Bayeux Tapestry

tells the story of the Norman conquest of England in 1066, not actually a tapestry but an embroidery

Crossing Square/Tower

the area in a church formed by the intersection of a nave and a transept of equal width often used as a standard unit of interior proportion

Barrel Vault

elongated or continuous semicircular vault, shaped like half a cylinder

Groin Vault

vault produced by the intersection at right angles of two barrel vaults

Ribbing

rib vaults were frequently used in gothic cathedrals

Radiating Chapels

projecting chapels arranged radially around the ambulatory of a semicircular or polygonal liturgical east end

Eadwine the Scribe

“project manager” for the Eadwine Psalter, a heavily illuminated 12th century psalter

William the Conqueror, Duke of Normandy

led the Norman conquest of England and was King of England from 1066-1087

**Dome of the Rock, Jerusalem**, 687–692**. (Islamic)**

**Prayer hall of the Great Mosque**, **Córdoba, Spain**, 8th to 10th centuries **(Islamic)**

**Folio from the Blue Koran** with 15 lines of surah 2, from Kairouan, Tunisia, 9th to mid-10th century **(Islamic)**

**Muqarnas dome, Hall of the Two Sisters, Palace of the Lion**s, Alhambra, **Granada, Spain**, 1354–1391. **(Islamic)**

**Sinan**, **dome of the Mosque of Selim II, Edirne, Turkey**, 1568–1575. **(Islamic Art)**

**Mihrab from the Madrasa Imami**, **Isfahan, Iran**, ca. 1354. (**Islamic)**

 **Bihzad,** ***Seduction of Yusuf*****, folio 52 verso of the** ***Bustan*** of Sultan Husayn Bayqara, from **Herat, Afghanistan**, 1488. Ink and colors on paper, 11 7/8" ´ 8 5/8". National Library, Cairo**. (Islamic)**

**Purse cover, from the Sutton Hoo ship** burial in **Suffolk, England,** ca. 625. (**Art of the Warrior Lords)**

**Cross-inscribed carpet page**, the Lindisfarne Gospels, from **Northumbria, England**, ca. 698–721**. (Hiberno-Saxon)**

**Equestrian portrait of Charlemagne or Charles the Bald**, from Metz, France, ninth century **(Carolingian)**

**Saint Matthew, folio 18 verso of the** ***Ebbo Gospels*** (*Gospel Book of Archbishop* *Ebbo of Reims*), **from Hautvillers (near Reims), France**, ca. 816–835. Ink and tempera on vellum, 10 1/4” X 8 3/4”. Bibliothèque Municipale, Épernay**.  (Carolingian)**

**Saint Michaels**, **Hildesheim, Germany**, 1001–1031 **(Ottonian)**

**Doors with relief panels (Genesis, left door; life of Christ, right door), commissioned by Bishop Bernward for Saint Michael’**s, **Hildesheim, Germany**, 1015. Bronze, 16’ 6” high. Dom-Museum, Hildesheim. **(Ottonian)**

**Saint-Sernin**, **Toulouse, France**, ca. 1070–1120 (**Romanesque**)

**GISLEBERTUS**, ***Last Judgment*****,** west tympanum of **Saint-Lazare, Autun, France**, ca. 1120–1135. **(Romanesque)**

**Sant’Ambrogio, Milan, Italy**, late 11th to early 12th century.  **(Romanesque)**

**RAINER OF HUY, baptism of Christ, baptismal font from Notre-Dame-des-Fonts**, Liège, Belgium, 1118. Bronze, 2’ 1” high. Saint-Barthélémy, Liège**.   (Romanesque)**

**Durham Cathedral**, **Durham, England**, begun ca.1093. (**Romanesque)**

**MASTER HUGO, Moses expounding the Law, folio 94 recto of the** ***Bury Bible***, from **Bury Saint Edmunds, England**, ca. 1135. Ink and tempera on vellum, 1’8” X 1’ 2”. Corpus Christi College, Cambridge. (Romanesque)

**Battle of Hastings, detail of the** ***Bayeux Tapestry***, from Bayeux Cathedral, **Bayeux, France**, ca. 1070-1080. Embroidered wool on linen, (**Romanesque)**