Rodent-borne zoonoses of N. America/ integrated pest management

Define dz reserviors?

Dz hosts that rarely transmit the dz directly to humans (vector often required

What are examples where mice and rats were dz reservoirs?

Plague,

Borna dz

Powssan encephalitis

Colorado tick fever

Lyme dz

Scrub typhus

Define dz carriers?

Species will directly transmit that dz to humans.

What are some examples of rats and mice being dz carriers?

Hantavirus

Leptospirosis

Colorado tick fever

Tularemia

Rodents are considered to be a ____ species and important human competitors for food?

Synantropic

Why are mice and rats effective dz vectors?

Synanthropic,

capable intermediaries,

continuously expanding range

What are bacterial zoonosis spread by rodents?

Plague,

Tularemia

Leptospirosis

Lyme dz

Rat bite fever

What are viral zoonoses spread by rodents?

Hantavirus

Mpox

Lassa feer

LCMV

What bacteria will cause the plague?

Yersinia pestis a gram neg coccobacilli

Rodents will act as a ____ for the plague?

Reserviors

Where do we see mostt cases of the plague in the US?

Mountain west

What are the types of the plague and what are their symptoms?

Bubonic - Enlarged LN

Pneumonic - sever/ acute pneumonia

Septicemic- severe fevers, chills, malaise

Rodents will ____ be symptomatic for the plague?

Rarely

What are three modes of transmission of the plague?

-Fleas (xenopsylla spp.)

-aersolization

- direct transmission

What is a prevention for the plague?

Avoid reservoir species and fleas

What bacteria will cause tularemia?

Francisella Tularensis, gram neg coccobacilli

Rodents will transmit tularemia in what ways?

-Directly via contact or body fluids

-mechanical transmission via insects

Where do we see most cases of tularemia?

Midwest river valleys

What are the types of tularemia and their major symptoms?

Grandular - enlarged LN

Pneumonic - sever/ acute pneumonia

Typhoidal - severe fever, chills, malaise

Rodents are ____ symptomatic for tularemia?

Rarely

Rodents will serve as reservoirs or carriers for tularemia?

Both

How do you prevent tularemia?

Minimize vector exposures,

Limit exposure to carcasses

avoid contact w/ small mammals

What kind of bacteria is leptospirosis?

Leptospira interrogans, gram neg spirochete

Rodents are ____ for leptospirosis and spread the dz via ___?

Carriers,

Urine

What are symptoms of leptospirosis?

Flu-like symptoms

Renal dz, back pain and PU

Hepatic dz - jaundice

Rodents are often ____ for leptospirosis?

Asymptomatic

Where do we find most cases of leptospirosis?

Tropical areas or near bodies of h2o

How do you prevent leptospirosis?

Avoid contact w/ urine

treat water in endemic areas

Vax animals

Murine typhus is caused by what bacteria?

Rickettsia typhi

Rodents will be ____, transmission will occur via ___.

Reservoirs,

Fleas

Murine typhus is mostly seen where?

Texas, Cali, Hawaii

What symptom will murine typhus have?

Flu-like symptoms, rash

Rodents with murine typhus will be?

Asymptomatic

What are preventions of Murine typhus?

Hygiene control

Rodent and flea control

What family will hantavirus be from?

Bunyaviridae

Rodents are ___ for hantavirus and will be ____.

Carriers,

Asymptomatic

Where will we see most cases of Hantavirus?

Mountain west

What are symptoms of Hantavirus?

Severe flu-like symptoms

Resp distress

What are some modes of transmission of Hantavirus?

Aerosolization of rodent urine and fecies

How do you prevent hantavirus?

Rodent control and avoid aerosolization

(seal up, trap up, clean up)

What family is Mpox going to be apart of?

Poxvirdae (virus)`

Where is the most common place to see Mpox?

West africa, nigeria

Rodents will be ___ for Mpox, Rodents will typically have what symptoms?

Carriers

Oculonasal discharge, pox lesions

What are symptoms for Mpox?

Flu-like symptoms

Pox lesions on hands and genitals.

What are modes of transmission of Mpox?

Handling affected rodents/ primates

Close contact

What are preventions of Mpox?

Small pox vax

rodent control

What are the steps of integrated pest management?

Catagorization

action points

Identification of problem species

Lifecycle and behavior understanding

Monitor for those species

Integrated pest management seeks to _____ problems and not destroying the species?

Prevent

How do you manage the rodent population?

Eliminate potential food sources and routes of entry

How do you manage vectors?

Removal of breeding grounds

Biological controls

Tick controls and repellants