Lung Loops quiz

Tidal Volume (TV)

the volume in and out without conscious effort

Inspiratory Reserve Volume (IRV)

The additional volume of air that can be inhaled with maximum effort after normal inspiration

Expiratory Reserve Volume (ERV)

The additional volume of air that can be forcibly exhaled after normal exhalation

Vital Capacity (VC)

Total volume of air that can be exhaled after maximum inhalation: VC = TV + IRV + ERV

Residual volume

The volume of air remaining in the lungs after maximum exhalation (the lung can never be completely emptied)

Total lung capacity

= VC + RV

Minute ventilation/volume

the volume of air breathed in 1 minute: (TV)(RR) L/min

Spirometry

Valuable tool for analyzing the flow rate of air passing into and out of the lungs.

Maximal inspiration

contraction of the diaphragm downward and the movement of the ribs upward and outward, expanding the chest cavity

Forces expiration

result of rapid contraction of chest and abdominal muscles, as well as the relaxation of the diaphragm

Flow volume loop

Volume (L) (x-axis)(increases with inspiration, decreases with expiration) by flow rate (L/s)(y-axis)

Forced vital capacity (FVC)

the total exhaled air, from maximum inhalation to maximum exhalation

Forced expiratory volume (FEV₁)

the volume of air expelled in the first second of a forced exhalation

FEV₁/FVC

measured as a percent, for diagnosing purpose

Peak expiratory flow (PEF)

the highest point on the exhalation graph

Restrictive disorders

Any disease that affects the expansion of the lung tissue resulting in reduction in vital capacity

ONLY affects inhalation

Examples: paralysis, scarring (fibrosis), TB, muscular dystrophy, pulmonary fibrosis

Obstructive disorder

diseases that interfere with the patency of the airway resulting in and increase in air flow resistance(low flow). Forced expiratory volumes are used to assess obstructive disorder.

affects inhalation and exhalation

Examples: asthma, emphysema, cystic fibrosis, bronchitis.

FEV1/FVC values for obstructive and restrictive

obstruction: low percent (FEV1 low)

restrictive: closer to 1/normal (FEV1 and FVC affected)

Functional residual volume

FRV = RV + ERV

causes of COPD

inflammation of major small airways, destruction of walls between your lung’s air sacs, excessive mucosa

if someone can exhale forcefully for a moment, then produces a weak stream of air with a lot of wheezing

their FEF_25-75 is low

if someone can exhale forcefully 70-90 of FVC in 1 second

their FEV1 is normal

A patient has a low FEV1 and low FEF_25-75

they have an obstruction