McGrawHill Life Science: Chapter 2 Lesson 4: Cells and Energy

Cells process energy from food into what energy storage compound?

ATP.

ATP is the fuel for cellular processes, also known as ___________ .

Energy.

_______________________ is a series of chemical reactions that convert the glucose in food molecules and oxygen (that you breathe) into a usable form of energy, ATP.

Cellular Respiration.

Which two places in a cell does Cellular Respiration occur in?

In the cytoplasm and mitochondria.

What is used in cellular respiration? What does it produce?

Glucose and oxygen. Carbon Dioxide, water, and ATP are produced.

_______________ is the first step in cellular respiration.

Glycolysis.

______________ is a process by which glucose, a sugar, is broken down into smaller molecules.

Glycolysis.

True or False: Glycolysis only occurs in some cells.

False.

True or False: More ATP is made in the second step of cellular respiration than in the first step.

True.

What is the second step of cellular respiration?

When reactions occur in the mitochondria.

Step 2 of cellular respiration ONLY occurs in what type of cell?

Eukaryotic.

What is used it step 2 of cellular respiration? What is produced?

Glucose and oxygen. ATP, water, and carbon dioxide are produced.

____________________ is the process in which a reaction that eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells use to obtain energy from food and release energy when oxygen levels are low.

Fermentation.

Fermentation ONLY occurs in which part of the cell?

Cytoplasm.

True or False: Fermentation uses oxygen.

False.

_____________________ fermentation is a type of fermentation that occurs when glucose is converted to ATP and a waste product, called ___________________ .

Lactic-acid, lactic-acid.

Muscle burn and cramps are caused by the ________________ build-up in your muscles from the fermentation reaction.

Lactic acid.

What is used in lactic acid fermentation? What is produced?

Glucose. ATP and lactic acid are produced.

What type of cells can use lacic-acid fermentation?

Muscle cells.

_____________ fermentation produces an alcohol called ethanol and Carbon Dioxide.

Alcohol.

The Carbon Dioxide produced by yeast in ________________ fermentation makes the dough rise.

Alcohol.

What does yeast need in order to grow?

Sugar, water, and the glucose in sugar.

What is used in alcohol fermentation? What is produced?

Glucose. ATP, Carbon Dioxide, and ethanol is produced.

Unlike humans and other animals, plants and some unicellular organisms obtain energy from ___________ .

Light.

Photosynthesis is the exact opposite of what?

Cellular Respiration.

_________________________ is a series of chemical reactions that convert light energy, water, and Carbon Dioxide into the food-energy molecule glucose & give off oxygen.

Photosynthesis.

In Photosynthesis, ______________ such as chlorophyll absorb light energy.

Pigments.

What do plants have that makes most of them look green?

Chlorophyll.

Sugar contains ___________ .

Glucose.

Photosynthesis releases __________________ into the atmosphere.

Oxygen.

What powered the chemical reactions of Photosynthesis? Where do these reactions occur?

Light energy absorbed by chlorophyll, and other pigments. In chloroplasts.

What is a chloroplast?

a plastid that contains chlorophyll and in which photosynthesis takes place.

What are the two types of nutrients?

Protein and Fat.

The nutrients in your body go to your _____________ , then to your __________ , until they reach every single __________ in your body!

Blood, cells, cell.

Nutrients go out to your body through your ___________________ .

Cytoplasm.

What part of your body is doing all this transportation?

Your blood.

What part of your body takes all of the bad Carbon Dioxide out?

Your blood.

When do you need to study?

NOW.

What do humans let out that they don't need, but plants do?

Carbon Dioxide.

What do plants let out that they don't need, but humans do?

Oxygen.