POHS Spring Final

Ventral

A directional term used to describe surfaces move closer together when you bend a joint

Dorsal

A directional term used to describe surfaces that are located on the back of the body

Posterior

A directional term that is used to describe the back side of the body

Inferior

A directional term that means lower down on the body

Superior

A directional term that means above or higher up on the body

Anterior

A directional term that refers to the front side of the body

Caudal

A directional term used to reference a joint closer to the tailbone

Cephalic

Of, in, or relating to the head

Medial

A directional term that refers to a point closer to the center of the body

Proximal

A directional term that indicates that the part being discussed is closer to the point of attachment to the body; can also be used to describe internal organs

4 Quadrants

RUQ, RLQ, LUQ, LLQ

RUQ

Liver, gallbladder, part of pancreas, part of small and large intestine

RLQ

Part of small and large intestine, right ovary and fallopian tube, right ureter, and apendix

LUQ

Liver, stomach, spleen, part of pancreas, part of small and large intestine

LLQ

Part of small and large intestine, left ovary and fallopian tube, left ureter

9 Regions

Right Hypochondriac Epigastric Left Hypochondriac

Right Lumbar Umbilical Left Lumbar

Right Inguinal Hypogastric Left Inguinal

Transverse (Horizontal Plane)

Plane that divides body into upper and lower portions

Frontal (Coronal) Plane

Vertical plane that divides the body into front and back portions

Midsagittal Plane

Lengthwise plane that divides the body into equal left and right sides

Sagittal Plane

Divides the body into unequal left and right sides

Anatomical Position

All descriptions of the body are based on anatomical position; when referring to anatomical position, that means the person is standing, facing toward you, arms at their sides, palms facing towards you

Ruptured (Herniated Disc)

Rupture of the disc that results in pressure on spinal nerve roots

Osteomalacia

(oste/o=bone & malacia=softening); bone softening due to disease

Kyphosis

Condition of a humpback, thoracic spine involved

Gouty Arthritis

Inflammation of joints caused by excessive uric acid in the joint (predominantly in men)

Bursitis

Inflammation of the bursa, usually caused by repetitive movements

When muscles are not used for a long period of time, they can shrink in size and lose strength; this is known as:

Muscle atrophy; reduced range of motion due to the wearing down of muscles

Moving body part toward the midline:

Adduction

Increasing the angle between two bones, or straightening a body part:

Extension

Moving a body part away from the midline:

Abduction

Decreasing the angle between two bones, or bending a body part:

Flexion

Turning the palm upward:

Supination

Turning the palm downward:

Pronation

Clavicle

Collarbone

Scapula

Shoulder blade

Sternum

Middle bone in between the ribs

Ilium

Pelvis

Ischium

Bottom of the pelvis

Deltoid

Shoulder muscle

Trapezius

Large muscle at the top of your back

Cervical Vertebra

Top of spine (C1-C7)

Occipital Bone

Side of the face bone

Thoracic Vertebra

Middle of the spinal cord (T1-T12)

Parietal Bone

Back of the head bone

Temporal Bone

Bike by the temples

The heart has - chambers

4

The upper chambers of the heart are the:

Left and right atrium

The lower chambers of the heart are the:

Left and right ventricle

The left ventricle is larger than the right ventricle because it has to pump blood to the entire body:

True

These vessels carry oxygen-rich blood away from the heart:

Arteries

The tiny, microscopic blood vessels that connect arteries to veins are known as:

Capillaries

White blood cells are also known as:

Leukocytes

Platelets help the body to:

Clot blood and stop bleeding

The iron-containing protein that helps deliver oxygen to cells in the body is called:

Hemoglobin

This is where the electrical impulse that initiates the heartbeat as it’s generated:

Sino atrial node (SA node)

This is located inside the inter-ventricular septum and carries the electrical impulse to the ventricle and the Purkinje fibers:

Bundle of His

The medical term for a heart attack:

Myocardial infarction

A patient has a valve that does not function properly; this may allow blood flow back into the heart chamber; this is known as:

Heart murmur

High blood pressure is also known as:

Hypertension

Know the blood flow through the heart:

Superior and Inferior Vena Cava

Right Atrium

Tricuspid Valve

Right Ventricle

Pulmonary Valve

Pulmonary Artery

To the lungs

Pulmonary Veins

Left Atrium

Mitral (Bicuspid) Valve

Left Ventricle

Aortic Valve

Aorta

To the body

Superior and Inferior Vena Cava

Difficulty and pain in breathing is known as:

Dyspnea

15 respirations per minute:

Bradycardia

Pulse of the side of the neck:

Carotid

Pulse of the inner aspect of the forearm at the ante cubital space:

Brachial

Pulse behind the knee:

Popliteal

Pulse of the inner aspect of the upper thigh:

Femoral

Inner aspect of the wrist above the thumb:

Radial

What is infection control?

Conscious acts and maneuvers taken to prevent the spread of infections in healthcare settings

What is PPE

Personal Protective Equipment; face mask, goggles, face shield, gloves, gown, etc

What is POHS?

Principles of Health Science