C2 Pony Club

Full Cheek Snaffle

Full Cheek Snaffle

Helps prevent bit from sliding through the mouth and provides equal pressure on each side.

Eggbutt Snaffle

Gives direct contact which helps with steering and provides stability in the mouth.

3 Safety Rules for Lunging

1. Hold the lunge line in folds, not loops.

2. Lunge in a safe area with good footing.

3. Do not lunge horse on a small circle, stay out of kicking range.

Length/Type of Lunge Line

Lunge line is 30 feet long and made of cotton. About 1-2 inches wide.

Fit of Lunge Equipment

Lunge line should not be too short for the horse and should not have a chain attached.

5 Steps in Shoeing a Horse

Preparation - Remove excess and level the hoof

Forging - Shoe is forged to fit the hoof

Fitting - Check the shoe compared to the hoof to check if it will fit correctly

Nailing - Shoe is nailed on

Finish - Flatten the nails on and file edges

Describe 2-3 Types of Common Shoe Features

Studs - Provide extra traction and grip on grounds that may be prone to causing a horse to slip. Good to use on XC courses.

Pads - Provide extra support and protection. Normally used when a vet recommends it to treat damage to a horse’s hoof.

Clips - Provide security and help keep shoes on the horse and take strain off of the nails.

How Cappy related to the Welsh Breed

Cappy has a petite head and muzzle, higher angled shoulders, a short back, an arched neck, not as heavy built (like a fell pony), and a shorter cannon bone.

Cappy’s Angles

Cappy has more of an upright shoulder angle, the ideal is 45 degrees, but Cappy is more like 50 degrees. The hip angle should represent an equalateral triangle. Since Cappy is a smaller breed, his range of motion is shorter than ideal.

5 Basic Confirmation Qualities YOU WANT

Shoulder Slope - A shoulder slope of 50-55 degrees is best because it would help towards lifting of the knees. You would not want an extremely high or low degree because it tends to be lameness prone.

Neck - The base of the neck should connect to the higher part of the chest to ensure easy collection and maneuverability.

Front Legs - Front legs should be straight to ensure balance and create

less strain, meaningless likely to be lameness prone.

Withers to Croup (Uphill) - Allows better engagement from the hindquarters and creates a better jump.

Head - A proportionally sized head is best to be sure there is a pendulum of balance (balancing aid).

Describe appearance and specific location of the following unsoundnesses: splint, bowed tendon, ringbone, sidebone, navicular, thoroughpin, curb, bone and bog spavin.

Splint - A hard, bony, lump of swelling. High ringbone is located between the long and short pasterns while low ringbone is between the pastern joint and coffin bones.

Bowed Tendon - A curved, bow-looking, swelling on the back of the horse's leg.

Ringbone - Can normally only be seen on x-ray, but looks rigid and is located a bit lower down the pastern.

Sidebone - A bone like structure extending from the hoof to the coronary band. May cause a bony lump on the coronary band, normally not visible though.

Navicular - An inflammation of the navicular bone, no outward appearance but may cause your horse to walk on his toes.

Thoroughpin - A large swelling around the hock.

Bone Spavin - Bony growth around the hock.

Bog Spavin - Inflammation of the fluid in the hock that causes swelling.

Discuss 3 concerns for pasture safety and fencing.

Fencing should be routinely checked to be sure there is no openings or areas a horse could escape.

The pasture should also be routinely checked to make sure there is no sharp objects your horse could injure himself on and to be sure there is no poisonous plants that could cause your horse harm.

Name 3 toxic plants in your area and describe 1 aspect of each plant that would help you recognize it in the pasture

Bracken Fern - A large plant with triangular branches with leaves with small blade-like textures. Heights of 3-5 cm.

Hemlock - Has small white flowers on the ends of each stem. Stems are normally thin and can grow decently tall.

Buttercups - Small, yellow flowers. Normally grow in bunches.

Describe 3 ways to manage internal and/or external parasites in pastures and stalls.

-Worming

-Clean stalls/paddocks daily

-Check for ticks, if found remove ASAP

Explain 5 ways to keep your mount safe and comfortable during travel.

• Use Shipping Boots

• Ensure there is good ventilation throughout the trailer

• Ensure horse is given access to water as much as possible

• Keep trailer clean

• Take plenty of rest stops

Name which equine health certificates and/or documents are required to travel in your state.

Coggins & Vaccine Papers

List the 6 classes of nutrients

-Carbohydrates

-Fats

-Protein

-Vitamins

-Minerals

-Water

Look at a feed label and identify the percentage of protein and fat. From the ingredients list, identify 1 source of each of protein, carbohydrates, fat, vitamin, and mineral.

Protein - 32%

Fat - 5%

Protein -

Carb - Molasses

Fat - Soybean Oil

Vitamin - Vitamin A (18000 IU/lb)

Mineral - Calcium 3.25%

Describe own mount’s ration when developing fitness, maintaining fitness, taking day off, sick, and extended time off.

Developing Fitness - More grain would be added

Maintaining Fitness - Continue using ration balancer grain and alfalfa

Day Off - Lower alfalfa, provide more hay

Sick - Smaller meals throughout the day

Time Off - Gradually cut back on grain

Discuss how you would condition your mount from unfit to C-1 Level riding fitness that includes changes in feed, TPR, and recovery rates.

When first helping a horse become fit from unfit, it is a very gradual process. At first, warm up at the walk will be a lot longer. Around 10-15 minutes, and then a short trot session. This would continue until a horse is responding and is clearly gaining more cardio strength. Warm up walk would be slowly cut down, and trot session would slowly become longer. The introduction of small canter spurts can begin. Taking the TPR after sessions is important to understand when it is time to either take a step back or a step forward. Feed may be changed as conditioning continues, more grain (with proteins!) may be added to help with gaining muscle.

Name 2 ways to help cool your mount in very hot conditions

• Use water to spray and cool down horse

• Be sure to walk your horse out after rides/lessons

• Find shade and rest

Name 2 things to be aware of when exercising your horse in cold weather

If a horse is clipped, it may be a good idea to use a quarter sheet to ensure your horse comfortability.

If it is extremely cold, do not overwork your horse. Extra work can cause respiratory stress and risk damage.

•Measure and record pulse, temperature, and respiration of own mount at rest with examiner present with assistance if needed.

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Discuss the weekly riding plan in your record book. Candidate should show and be able to discuss details of duration, activity, and general exercise involved.

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Discuss what public land is available to ride on in your county.

-TTC

-Tanglewood Park

Describe 2 things you can do to be a good steward for public land used for recreation

-Pick up after yourself and others (litter)

-Alert owner of unclear trails

-Volunteer at the facility

Discuss immunizations and health requirements appropriate for your area

-Rabies (yearly)

-Strangles (yearly)

-Eastern/Western Encephalitis (yearly)

-Tetanus (yearly)

-West Nile Virus (yearly)

-Flu/Rhino (every 6 months)

List 3 prevalent internal parasites in your area.

-Bots

-Pinworms

-Strongylus

• We routinely pick stall, do fecal tests, and use de-wormer as directed by the vet.

Discuss causes, signs, and preventative measures for the following: tetanus, rabies, encephalomyelitis, West Nile virus, and scratches.

Tetanus - Particles (mostly from soil) enter a horse’s wound. Some signs are stiffness, lockjaw, and difficulty moving. Vaccines are a good preventative measure.

Rabies - A bite from an animal already having rabies. Foaming at the mouth, aggressive behavior, and fever are all signs of rabies. Vaccines are good preventative measure, or keeping horses away from other wild animals.

Encephalomyelitis - Infected mosquitos biting the horse. Some signs are fever, lack of appetite, and impaired vision. Vaccinate your horse.

West Nile - Infected mosquitos biting the horse. Twitching, aggression, and lameness. Vaccines prevent.

Scratches - When horses are in a moist, dirty environment, fungi that cause this illness may find its way to the horse. Signs are cracked heels. Ointments can help prevent.

Explain the need for the regular care of teeth.

Horses can also have dental abnormalities that can cause pain. It is good to have a check up to ensure the horse is comfy.

Describe location of the parts of a horse’s mouth to include: bars, lips, incisors, molars, wolf teeth, and canines.

Incisors are the front teeth, canines are beside the incisors. The bars are behind there (where the bit sits) and behind that is the premolars. The farthest back is the molars. Wolf teeth can be found right in front of the premolars, they can interfere with the placement of the bit and are often removed at a young age.

Under direct supervision by the examiner, teach a D member how to safely prepare their mount for turnout at a rally or certification

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Discuss with the examiner how you might handle a tack or equipment check where there is a safety concern.

If there is a tack or equipment concern, do not let the rider get on. Notify a pony club trainer/higher up about the concern.

Describe the following unsafe equipment and how it might be fixed: loose throat latch, saddle pad not attached, bit too low/too high, worn out stitching, and cracked leather.

Loose Throat Latch - If the throat latch is more the 4 fingers wide, undo the buckle and adjust until it is correct.

Saddle Pad not Attached - If a saddle pad is not attached, it risks of moving/slipping underneath the saddle. Connect it underneath the billets.

Bit too low/high - If the bit is too low, it risks low ability of control and easily can slip out of the mouth. If it is too high, the horse may be uncomfy and react accordingly.

Worn Out Stitching/Cracked Leather - Both of these require immeidate change in order to ensure safety. They have a higher possibility of breaking during rides.

List 3 signs of a concussion.

• Balance Problems/Dizzy

• Loss of Consciousness

• Confusion

Explain 2 ways to cool off a rider during a hot day.

• Use a ice pack and place on the body

• Stay hydrated

Explain the importance of the heat index.

The higher the index, the hotter it will feel. This is important to know to ensure the rider and the horse will both be working in safe conditions. If the index is too high, its a good idea to not ride that day and keep you and your horse cool.