PSY250: Middle Childhood Psychosocial

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24 Terms

1

Erikson’s Theory

industry vs. inferiority; children try to master many skills and they either feel competent or incompetent as they develop a sense of themselves

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2

Freud’s Latency Stage

believed that not much of interest occurs during middle childhood development

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3

self-concept

one’s knowledge of who they are, more developed in middle childhood and includes interests, traits, and social groups

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4

Group Socialization Theory (Judith Rich Harris)

believed that the role of parents in their children’s lives has been greatly exaggerated, and the peer group actually plays a more significant role in shaping adult personality characteristics

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5

family structures

nuclear, blended, or single parent/extended family

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6

outcomes of nuclear family

lower stress, more stable environment

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7

outcomes of blended family

stepparents or step siblings can sometimes cause conflict between family members and therefore introduce higher stress

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8

outcomes of single parent/extended family

usually means lower income and therefore higher stress

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9

factors that affect family functioning

low income and high stress

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10

family stress model

the effect of any risk factor depends on whether or not it increases stress in the family

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11

parentification

a situation where a child takes on the role of a caregiver, either by filling the role of caregiver for their siblings or a parent or being used as a confidant for one or both parents

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12

the peer group

believed to have more impact on adult personality characteristics than parents

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13

popularity in early elementary school

kids are kind, trustworthy, and cooperative

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14

popularity in late elementary school

kids are cool, athletic, arrogant, dominant, and aggressive

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15

types of unpopular children

neglected, withdrawn rejected, and aggressive rejected

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16

social cognition

the ability to understand the causes and consequences of behavior and adjust one’s behavior accordingly, and predicts acceptance and rejection

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17

bullying

repeated, systematic attacks on those who are unlikely or unable to defend themselves

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18

roles associated with bullying

bully, victim, bully-victim, enforcers, defenders, and outsiders

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19

types of bullying

physical, verbal, relational, retaliation, and cyberbullying

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20

bullying interventions

multifaceted approaches that involve positive reinforcement for prosocial behavior, continued communication with paretns and caregivers, and bystander intervention

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21

Kohlberg’s stages of moral development

preconventional, conventional, and postconventional

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22

preconventional moral development

avoid punishments and get rewards, little kids think that if you get in trouble for doing something, then what you did was bad or wrong

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23

conventional moral development

more emphasis on social rules, school aged kids believe that if it breaks a law or rule, then it is bad or wrong

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24

postconventional moral development

focus on ideals, adolescents and beyond consider the greater good and if the ends justify the means to determine if something is bad or wrong

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