Nutritional Assessment and Physical Health Examination Review

These flashcards cover key concepts related to nutritional assessment, physical health examinations, and best practices in healthcare.

Nutritional Status

The degree of balance between nutrient intake and nutrient requirements.

Optimal Nutrition

Consumption that supports daily growth and metabolic demands.

Undernutrition

Inadequate intake or depleted reserves.

Overnutrition

Nutrient consumption exceeding requirements.

Social Determinants of Health (SDoH)

Factors like education, income, and employment that influence nutrition and health.

Hemoglobin / Hematocrit

Lab values used to screen for iron-deficiency anemia.

Cholesterol / Triglycerides

Lab values that indicate cardiovascular disease risks.

Serum Albumin

An early indicator of protein malnutrition.

Prealbumin

An indicator for acute or recent changes in protein status.

Nitrogen Balance

An index of protein status; positive balance indicates tissue building, negative balance indicates tissue breakdown.

Vesicular Lung Sounds

Soft, rustling sounds heard over the peripheral lung fields.

Bronchovesicular Lung Sounds

Moderate pitch sounds heard over the major bronchi.

Bronchial Lung Sounds

Loud, tubular sounds heard over the trachea.

Crackles (Rales)

Popping noises caused by fluid in the airways.

Wheezes (Rhonchi)

Squeaking or snoring musical sounds due to narrowed airways.

Stridor

High-pitched crowing sound on inspiration, indicates emergency upper airway blockage.

S1

The first heart sound produced by closure of the atrioventricular valves, heard loudest at the apex.

S2

The second heart sound produced by closure of the semilunar valves, heard loudest at the base.

Pulse Deficit

The condition when the apical and radial pulse do not match, indicating peripheral perfusion failure.

Blumberg's Sign (Rebound Tenderness)

Pain that occurs when pressure is released, indicating appendicitis or peritoneal inflammation.

Murphy's Sign (Inspiratory Arrest)

Pain upon palpating the liver during a deep breath, indicative of cholecystitis.

Agnosia

Inability to recognize or interpret sensory stimuli despite intact sensory function.

Romberg Test

A balance test where the client stands with feet together, eyes closed, to evaluate proprioception.

Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS)

A standardized measurement that assesses eye opening, verbal response, and motor response.

Bristol Stool Chart

A tool used to classify the form of human feces into seven categories.

Benign Prostatic Hypertrophy (BPH)

Non-cancerous enlargement of the prostate leading to urinary symptoms in men.

Capillary Refill

The time it takes for color to return to a nail bed after pressure is applied, used as a measure of circulatory status.

Clubbing

A physical sign characterized by the rounding and enlargement of the fingers due to chronic hypoxia.

Doppler Ultrasound

A test that uses sound waves to measure blood flow and is often used when pulses are weak.

Intermittent Claudication

Pain in the legs during physical activity due to insufficient blood flow, relieved by rest.