Antibacterials

Methods of Antimicrobial Actions Destroying

the cell wall that is present in bacteria but not in mammals

Methods of Antimicrobial Actions Inhibiting the conversion

of an enzyme unique for a particular bacterium’s survival

Methods of Antimicrobial Actions Impairing

protein synthesis in the bacteria’s ribosomes, which are never identical to mammalian cells

Methods of Antimicrobial Actions Disrupting

bacterial synthesis or function of DNA/RNA.

Methods of Antimicrobial Actions Inhibiting

viral reproduction

Narrow-spectrum antibiotics

works on few specific of bacteria

Broad-spectrum antibiotics

works on variety of bacteria

Bactericidal

lethal to micro-organism, May be used more when patient is immunosuppressed

Bacteriostatic

slows growth, immune system destroys bacteria

Selecting an antibiotic

Identify causative agent, Sensitivity of infecting organism to antimicrobial,

Selecting an antibiotic Other factors

Location, age, allergies, immune status

CSF infections

brain blood barrier hard to get through

Endocarditis

Thrombus blocking

Purulent abscesses

poor blood supply

Implanted objects

weaken immune response

Age

older adults may develop toxicity due to reduced metabolism and excretion

Pregnancy Antimicrobials

can harm fetus by crossing over placenta

Sulfonamide

can produce a severe neurologic disorder in newborns

Gentamicin

causes hearing loss in infants

Tetracyclines

cause discoloration of developing teeth. Toxicity more likely during pregnancy

Many antimicrobials are present in

breastmilk, risk of danger to infants

Presence of a previous allergic reaction

to penicillin cross to cephalosporins

Combination Therapy

Additive or Potentiating

Combination Therapy adverse effects

cross-sensitivity, increased resistance, antagonist effects, interactions with each other, superinfections

Prophylaxis Surgeries

Gi, cardio, gyno, orthopedic, PV,

Prophylaxis sexual exposure

(unwanted) to prevent STIs,

Prophylaxis Before dental or teeth producer

in pt with prosthetic heart values

Prophylaxis Recurring UTI

2x in 6 months 3x in 12 months

Preventive Measures Hand hygiene

number 1 method to prevent infection

Preventive Measures Invasive procedures

(urinary catheter, IV catheter, etc.)

Preventive Measures Immunizations

up to date

Preventive Measures Instruct patients

to take the full course of antimicrobials to prevent resistance and recurrence

Preventive Measures Prevent transmission

of resistant micro-organism by using PPE.

Preventive Measures Evaluate effectiveness of treatment

post treatment cultures, monitor for clinical improvement

Nursing Interventions Review

allergies labs (BUN + Creatine, ALT) pregnancy, peaks and thoughts

Nursing Interventions patient education

interior with food, monitor for S/S complication, women use alternate forms of birth control. If taking for STI be abstinent