Purity and formulations

What is meant by the term "purity" in chemistry?

Purity refers to a substance that contains only one type of molecule or atom and no impurities.

How can you determine if a substance is pure?

By measuring its melting point or boiling point and comparing it to the known value of the pure substance.

What is a formulation?

A formulation is a mixture of different substances designed to have specific properties for a particular use.

Give an example of a formulation.

Medicines, paints, cleaning products, or fuels.

How is the purity of a substance related to its melting and boiling points?

The purity of a substance can be assessed by comparing its melting or boiling points to those of a pure sample; impurities lower the melting point and raise the boiling point.

What is the difference between a pure substance and a mixture?

A pure substance contains only one element or compound, whereas a mixture contains two or more substances that are not chemically combined.

Why is it important for formulations to have consistent properties?

So that they perform as intended in their specific application, e.g., medicine dosage or fuel efficiency.

How does the purity of a drug affect its efficacy?

Impurities in a drug may reduce its effectiveness and introduce side effects.

How would you check the purity of a sample of aspirin?

By measuring its melting point and comparing it with the known pure melting point of aspirin.

What role does chromatography play in checking the purity of substances?

Chromatography can separate and identify different components in a mixture, helping to assess its purity.

How does chromatography help in formulating medicines?

It can be used to isolate specific compounds or ingredients needed in a formulation.

Why is it important for petrol to be a formulation?

Because it must have the right balance of hydrocarbons to function effectively in an engine.

What is a common use of formulations in cosmetics?

To create creams, lotions, and other products with consistent properties and effects on the skin.

How do impurities in water affect its use as a solvent?

Impurities can affect the water's ability to dissolve other substances and its boiling and freezing points.

How can formulations be altered to improve their performance?

By adjusting the proportions of the components to optimize properties such as strength, solubility, or stability.