Escobar Winter Odontogenic Infectoons

What are the two major odontogenic infections?

Periodontal and Periapical

How does the spread of infection occur in odontogenic infections?

By continuity through tissues and planes, lymphatic, or blood circulation.

What is an intralveolar abscess?

A periapical abscess that occurs when an infection goes through tissue into the alveolar bone.

Where does an abscess spread after perforating into the alveolar process?

Pus spreads to the subperiosteum space.

Where can an abscess spread after perforating the periosteum?

It can spread to the submucosal space.

Where can the spread of submucosal infections go?

To the subcutaneous or fascial space.

What are the layers from deeper to superficial in the oral cavity?

Alveolar bone → Periosteum → Submucosa → Subcutaneous.

What is purulent inflammation?

Inflammation based on where the apices are located (buccally or lingually).

Where do infections from mandibular 1st molars and premolars usually spread when above the mylohyoid attachments?

To the sublingual space.

What happens when apices are found beneath the mylohyoid muscles?

Infections spread to the submandibular space.

Where can infections of the upper maxillary molars and premolars go?

To the intraoral buccinator muscles.

If apices are found above the attachment of the buccinator, where can infections spread to?

Extraorally to the buccal space.

What are the primary potential spaces of infection in the maxillary region?

Upper Lip, Infraorbital, Palate, Buccal, Infratemporal.

What are the primary spaces of infection for the mandibular region?

Sublingual, Submandibular, Submental, Buccal.

What is the cause of upper lip infections?

Infection occurs due to upper anterior teeth.

What causes infraorbital infections?

Infection of upper canines or premolars.

What causes palate space infections?

Infection from the lateral incisor root or the posterior teeth, usually the 1st molar.

How is the buccal space in the maxilla infected?

By the maxillary molars and premolars.

How is the infratemporal space infected?

From extension of maxillary molars.

Where can the maxillary canine uniquely infect?

Cavernous sinus via infraorbital space.

How is the submental space infected?

From mandibular anterior teeth.

How is the sublingual space infected?

From mandibular anterior teeth, usually spreading from the mesial and posterior ends.

How is the submandibular space infected?

From the area of platysma muscle attachment due to mandibular molars.

What is pericoronitis?

Infection from the 3rd molar causing swelling around the gum area.

Where can 3rd mandibular molar infections spread to?

Submandibular, vestibular, lateral pharyngeal, pterygomandibular, and buccal.

Where can 2nd mandibular molar infections spread to?

Submasseteric or submandibular/submental if below mylohyoid line.

Where can 1st mandibular molars spread to?

Sublingual space if apices are lingual.

In which directions do mandibular incisors, canines, and premolars infections spread from the apices?

Buccally and labially.

What is the masticator space?

Consists of superficial temporal space, deep temporal space, infratemporal space, pterygomandibular space, and submasseteric space.

Which tooth can cause infections in the masticator space?

Lower 3rd molar pericoronitis.

What specific disease can causes infection in the pterygomandibular space?

Trismus, a dental-related disease leading to lockjaw.

Where is the most prevalent site for odontogenic spread of infection? Think general space

The masticatory space.

What are the adjacent spaces to the masticatory space?

Parotid space posteriorly, submandibular and sublingual inferiorly, parapharyngeal space medially.

What are the two spaces found within the parapharyngeal space?

Retropharyngeal space and lateral pharyngeal space.

Why are infections in the parapharyngeal area dangerous?

They can spread to multiple areas including the mediastinum and danger space up to the diaphragm.

What is cavernous sinus?

Contains venous drainage from areas near the middle of the face including eyes and pterygoid plexus.

What nerves are infected if an infection goes into the cavernous sinus?

CN 5 (V1 and V2), CN 3, CN 4, and CN 11.

What is Ludwig's angina?

Severe cellulitis involving all submandibular, sublingual, and submental spaces, potentially blocking the airway.

Where is the pterygoid plexus veins located?

inside the infratemporal thus masticatory space is a secondary located of infection