Fifth amendment

What does prosecution against self-incrimination mean?

You cannot be forced to testify against yourself. Protects against coerced confessions, torture, and improper questioning. Improper questioning often means the evidence may not be used in court.

What does double jeopardy mean?

You cannot be tried twice for the same crime in the same jurisdiction. This stops the government from retrying a case until a conviction is obtained.

What are exceptions to double jeopardy?

Different jurisdictions can both prosecute: State vs. Federal (e.g., Rodney King case). Also, a crime across state lines can lead to prosecution in multiple states (e.g., Heath v. Alabama, 1985).

Does the grand jury requirement apply to states?

No, it is only required in federal courts for serious crimes. Some states use grand juries by choice, while others allow prosecutors to file charges directly.