World Study Guide#10-18

WORLD HISTORY AP

Liberalism

Political and social theory advocating representative government, free trade, and freedom of speech and religion, with minimal government interference.

Utopian Socialism

A movement advocating for grand reforms and the transformation of society through organization instead of bloodshed, focusing on ideals like equality and the welfare of humanity.

Phalanx

A self-sufficient community system proposed by Charles Fourier, consisting of 1500 members working in short labor bursts.

Proletarians

Industrial wage workers who possess nothing but their labor power.

Marxism

A socialist current developed by Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels, emphasizing class conflict and the materialistic interpretation of history.

Bourgeoisie

The capitalist class who owns the means of industrial production.

Imperialism

The acquisition and incorporation of new territories into a state's political system for monetary profit.

Tenskwatawa

A Shawnee prophet who advocated for a return to traditional customs and abstinence from alcohol among Native Americans.

Caste War of the Yucatan

A conflict between Maya Indians and the Mexican state over autonomy and legal equality, resulting in severe repression of Maya people.

Manifest Destiny

The 19th-century belief that it was God's will for the American people to expand their territory across North America.

Natural Selection

Charles Darwin's theory that species evolve by the survival and reproduction of the fittest individuals.

Limited-liability joint stock company

A business structure allowing multiple investors to own shares without personal liability for losses.

Steel

A malleable and strong metal crucial for industries, especially in shipbuilding and railways.

Raj

The British crown's administration of India following the East India Company's rule, aimed at transforming India into a secure colony.

Meiji Restoration

The period of political transformation in Japan (1868-1912) characterized by economic developments, national identity, and military expansion.

Self-Strengthening Movement

A reformist effort by Chinese bureaucrats in the late 19th century to adopt Western technologies while retaining their Chinese culture.