Period 8

Marshall Plan US provides financial aid to European countries to rebuild after WWII. US used this to promote democracy over communism.

Vietnam War Ho Chi Minh and Viet Cong's fight to convert their country to communism. US defended the South in the name of containment, but failed.

Middle East Group of countries in this region refused to recognize Israel as a country. They started OPEC to get the US to help, so the US suffered with high gas prices consequently.

Brown v. Board of Education Overturned Plessy v. Ferguson and the country began to desegregate schools. Southern whites did not agree with this and started mass resistance campaigns. They believed that this is a "state's rights issue."

Lyndon Johnson President after JFK. Implemented the Great Society and enforced containment in Vietnam. He wanted to help the struggling groups of society. Made large advancements for civil rights, like the Civil Rights Act of 1964 and the Voting Rights Act of 1965.

Middle-class suburbs Baby boom called for more space, so families moved out of the cities. Levittowns formed and the cult of domesticity re-emerged.

Nuclear Family Basic social unit of a couple and their children. They were the typical family in America (lived in the suburbs, mother ran the household, father worked, etc.)

President Truman President at the start of the Cold War. Domestic policy was the Fair Deal, but he couldn't accomplish much. His foreign policy was containment, which was part of his doctrine.

Desegregation of Armed services Allowed any race to join military. Truman signed the Executive Order 9981 for this.

American Indian Movement Protested by taking Wounded Knee, South Dakota and Alcatraz. Received fishing rights and millions of dollars for land taken earlier in history.

New Left Young liberals wanting to protest the Vietnam War. They are for civil rights and the Great Society. Created the Students for a Democratic Society (SDS).

Containment Introduced by the Truman Doctrine, this was the US's foreign policy against communism in the Cold War. Justified US intervention in other countries, like Vietnam.

Post WWII decolonization The collapse of colonial empires. This as well as nationalist movements in Asia, Africa, and the Middle East led both sides of the Cold War to seek new allies, many of which remained unaligned.

Military-Industrial Complex Eisenhower warned US of this in his Farewell Address. Warned of the military and its industries taking over America. US can't spend all of its money on weapons for the Cold War.

Civil Rights Act of 1964 MLK and supporters rally support for this bill under Kennedy, but Johnson is the one who passes it. It desegregates all of America. Title VII prohibits sex discrimination.

Great Society LBJ's domestic policy to aid the struggling groups of society. Reforms made in health care (Medicare and Medicaid), education (Head Start), and civil rights (Voting Rights Act 1965).

Sun Belt Immigrants moved to western and southern states. Resulted in political backlash against immigrants by native-born Americans.

Counterculture People who were critical of US policy and turned to alternative lifestyles. The Hippies are an example of this.

McCarthyism A brand of vitriolic, fear-mongering anticommunism. Spread through US during the Cold War. Shown with accusations that there were communist leaders in the US government.

Feminist Movement Theory of political, social, and economic equality of men and women. Resulted in legalized abortion (Roe v. Wade) and equal access for girls to benefiting programs for boys (Title IX).

Latino Movement Ceasar Chavez led United Farm Workers Organizing Committee (UFWOC) in strikes in the agricultural industry. Resulted with the Immigration Act of 1965 and Affirmative Action.

Watergate Nixon's scandal caused by paranoia of losing the election. Nixon leaves the presidency and Ford's presidency is scarred from the repercussions of this.

Korean War Successful example of containment from communism from USSR. Caused Truman not to run for re-election since it ruined his public image.

Post WWII Nationalist Movements Uprisings caused by people who want to free their country. This and decolonization in Asia, Africa, and the Middle East led both sides of the Cold War to find new allies, to which many of these countries remained unaligned.

Non-violent Civil Disobedience Protesting without the use of violence. MLK practiced this while Black Power and the Black Panther Party did the opposite.

Desegregation The ending of a policy of racial segregation. For schools this began with Brown v. Board of Education. This resulted in backlash from Southern whites.

Baby Boom After WWII, population spike due to 63.5 babies being born. Caused growth in suburbs during the economic boom of the 50's.

Immigration Act of 1965 Repealed quota system established in the 20's. Immigration doubled, especially for Latinos and Asians.

Detente Easing of hostility between countries. Under Nixon, US tried this with USSR, but it ended because of the USSR's invasion of Afghanistan.

MLK Leader of civil rights movement. Famous for "Letters from a Birmingham Jail" and the "I Have a Dream" Speech from the March on Washington.

Gay and Lesbian Activists Began with the Stonewall Rebellion in NY. Part of the larger movement, the Sexual Movement.

Environmental Movements Brought attention to the environment and animals. The Environmental Protection Agency, Earth Day, the Endangered Species Act, and others were established from this.