Grade 12 Life Sciences: DNA The Code of Life

These flashcards cover key vocabulary and concepts related to DNA structure, function, and its role in genetics.

DNA

Deoxyribonucleic acid, the molecule that carries genetic information.

Double Helix

The structure of DNA consisting of two strands that spiral around each other.

Genome

The complete set of genes or genetic material present in a cell or organism.

Nucleotide

The basic building block of DNA, composed of a phosphate group, a sugar, and a nitrogenous base.

Codon

A sequence of three nucleotides in mRNA that codes for a specific amino acid.

Gene

A section of DNA that codes for a protein.

DNA Replication

The process of copying DNA to produce two identical DNA molecules.

RNA

Ribonucleic acid, a molecule that plays crucial roles in the synthesis of proteins.

mRNA

Messenger RNA, which carries the genetic information from DNA to the ribosome for protein synthesis.

tRNA

Transfer RNA, which helps translate the mRNA sequence into a protein by bringing the appropriate amino acids.

rRNA

Ribosomal RNA, a component of ribosomes that helps in protein synthesis.

DNA Profiling

A technique used to distinguish between individuals of the same species by analyzing their DNA.

Adenine (A)

A nitrogenous base that pairs with thymine (T) in DNA.

Thymine (T)

A nitrogenous base that pairs with adenine (A) in DNA.

Cytosine (C)

A nitrogenous base that pairs with guanine (G) in DNA.

Guanine (G)

A nitrogenous base that pairs with cytosine (C) in DNA.