Medical Terminology - Chapter 5 and 6

an/o

anus

append/o, appendic/o

appendix

bucc/o

cheek

cec/o

cecum

celi/o

belly, abdomen

cheli/o, labi/o

lip

cholecyst/o

gallbladder

choledoch/o

common bile duct

col/o

colon

dent/i, odont/o

tooth

duoden/o

doudenum

enter/o

intestine

esophag/o

esophagus

faci/o

face

gastr/o

stomach

gingiv/o

gums

gloss/o, lingu/o

tongue

hepat/o

liver

ile/o

ileum

jejun/o

jejunum

lapar/o

abdomen

mandibul/o

lower jaw

or/o

mouth

palat/o

palate

pancreat/o

pancreas

peritone/o

peritoneum

pharyng/o

throat

proct/o

anus and rectum

pylor/o

pyloric sphincter

rect/o

rectum

sialaden/o

salivary gland

sigmoid/o

sigmoid colon

stomat/o

mouth

uvul/o

uvula

amyl/o

starch

bil/i, chol/e

gall, bile

bilirubin/o

bilirubin

chlorhydr/o

hydrochloric acid

gluc/o, glyc/o

sugar

glycogen/o

animal starch

lip/o

fat, lipid

lith/o

stone

prote/o

protein

py/o

pus

sial/o

saliva

steat/o

fat

-ase

enzyme

-chezia

defacation

-iasis

abnormal condition

-prandial

meal

-ectasis, -ectasia

dilation, widening

-emesis

vomiting

-pepsia

digestion

-phagia

eating

-plasty

surgical repair

-ptysis

spitting

-rrhage, -rrhagia

bursting forth

-rrhaphy

suture

-rrhea

flow, discharge

-spasm

involuntary contraction or twitching

-stasis

stopping, controlling

-stenosis

narrowing, tightening

-tresia

opening

Absorption

passage of materials from intestine to bloodstream

amino acids

protein building blocks

amylase

enzyme secreted by pancreas

appendix

pouch hanging from cecum

bile

digestive juice made in liver and stored in gallbladder.

biliruben

pigment released by liver

bowel

includes small and large intestine

cecum

first part of large intestine

colon

portion of large intestine, contains ascending, transverse, descending, and sigmoid segments.

common bile duct

tube that carries bile from the liver and gallbladder to the duodenum

anus

the opening at the end of the digestive tract through which stool leaves the body.

ascending colon

the first part of the colon that moves upward from the cecum to the transverse colon.

descending colon

the pouch that connects the ileum to the ascending colon, playing a role in the digestive process.

duodenum

the first section of the small intestine, connecting the stomach to the jejunum, where most chemical digestion occurs.

esophagus

the muscular tube that connects the throat to the stomach, facilitating the passage of food.

gallbladder

a small organ that stores bile produced by the liver, releasing it into the small intestine to aid in the digestion of fats.

ileum

the final section of the small intestine, where absorption of nutrients and minerals occurs before waste enters the large intestine.

jejunum

the middle section of the small intestine, between the duodenum and ileum, primarily responsible for the absorption of carbohydrates and proteins.

liver

a large organ that produces bile, metabolizes nutrients, detoxifies harmful substances, and plays a crucial role in digestion and regulation of various body functions.

oral cavity

the first part of the digestive tract, responsible for the ingestion of food and initial mechanical and chemical digestion.

pancreas

a gland that produces digestive enzymes and hormones, including insulin and glucagon, and plays a key role in regulating blood sugar levels and aiding digestion.

pharynx

the muscular tube that connects the oral cavity to the esophagus and serves as a passageway for food and air.

rectum

the final section of the large intestine, where waste material is stored before being excreted from the body.

salivary glands

glands that produce saliva, aiding in digestion and keeping the mouth moist.

sigmoid colon

salivary glands that produce saliva to aid in digestion and facilitate swallowing.

stomach

the organ in the digestive system that holds food while it is being mixed with stomach enzymes and acids. It plays a vital role in digestion by breaking down food into a semi-liquid form.

transverse colon

the part of the large intestine that crosses the abdomen from right to left, connecting the ascending and descending colon.

pancreatic duct

the duct that carries digestive enzymes from the pancreas to the small intestine, playing a crucial role in digestion.

ileum

the final section of the small intestine, where most nutrient absorption occurs before waste moves to the large intestine.

anorexia

a lack of appetite or interest in food, often associated with various medical conditions or psychological disorders.

ascites

the accumulation of fluid in the abdominal cavity, often causing swelling and discomfort.

borborygmus

the rumbling or gurgling noise made by the movement of the intestines as food and gas pass through.

constipation

a condition characterized by infrequent or difficult bowel movements, often resulting in discomfort.

diarrhea

the frequent passage of loose or watery stools, often indicating gastrointestinal distress.

dysphagia

a medical term for difficulty swallowing, which can be caused by various conditions affecting the throat or esophagus.

eructation

the act of belching or expelling gas from the stomach through the mouth.

flatus

the presence of gas in the gastrointestinal tract that can be expelled through the rectum.