Thẻ ghi nhớ: TEA AND THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION | Quizlet

Revolution (/ˌrevəˈluːʃn/)

cuộc cách mạng

ex: decades wrestling with the enigma of the Industrial Revolution.

evolution: sự tiến hoá

wrestle (/ˈresl/-v)

vật lộn

ex: spent decades wrestling with the enigma of the Industrial Revolution.

enigma (/ɪˈnɪɡmə/-n)

điều bí ẩn

ex: .spent decades wrestling with the enigma of the Industrial Revolution.

strike (/straɪk/-v)

đình công
ex: And why did it strike at the end of the 18th century?

criteria (/kraɪˈtɪəriən/-n)

tiêu chí

ex: Netherlands and France also met some of these criteria but were not industrialising.

sufficient (/səˈfɪʃnt/-adj)

đủ

ex: All these factors must have been necessary but not sufficient to cause the revolution

antiseptic (/ˌæntiˈseptɪk/-n)

chất khử trùng

ex: The antiseptic properties of tannin, the active ingredient in tea, and of hops in beer.

flourish (/ˈflʌrɪʃ/-v)

phát triển, hưng thịnh

ex: ...allowed urban communities to flourish at close quarters...

succumb (/səˈkʌm/-v)

không chống nổi, đầu hàng

ex: ...without succumbing to water-borne diseases such as dysentery.

= quit = surrender

dysentery (/ˈˈdɪs.ən.ter.i)

bệnh kiết lỵ

ex: ...without succumbing to water-borne diseases such as dysentery.

eccentric (/ɪkˈsentrɪk/-adj)

lập dị

ex: The theory sounds eccentric but once he starts to explain the detective work...

deduction (/dɪˈdʌkʃn/-n)

sự suy luận

ex: ...the detective work that went into his deduction...
Antonyms: consequence

scepticism (/ˈskeptɪsɪzəm/-n)

chủ nghĩa hoài nghi

ex: ...the scepticism gives way to wary admiration.

wary (/ˈweəri/-adj)

thận trọng, cảnh giác

ex: ...the scepticism gives way to wary admiration.
Antonyms: watching out

notable (/ˈnəʊtəbl/-adj)

đáng chú ý

ex: Macfarlane's case has been strengthened by support from notable quarters...

alight on (/əˈlaɪt/-v)

đột nhiên nghĩ ra điều gì đó

ex: Historians had alighted on one interesting factor around the mid-18th century that required explanation.

static (/ˈstætɪk/-adj)

tĩnh lặng, không thay đổi

ex: Between about 1650 and 1740, the population in Britain was static.
= immobile, passive
>< active

a burst in population growth

bùng nổ dân số

ex: But then there was a burst in population growth.

mortality (/mɔːˈtæləti/-n)

sự tử vong

ex: The infant mortality rate halved in the space of 20 years...
morality: đạo đức

halve (/hɑːv/-v)

giảm một nửa
ex: The infant mortality rate halved in the space of 20 years...

Malaria (/məˈleəriə/-n)

bệnh sốt rét
ex: There were improvements in agriculture that wiped out malaria, but these were small gains.

sanitation (/ˌsænɪˈteɪʃn/-n)

vệ sinh môi trường
EX: Sanitation did not become widespread until the 19th century.

Incidence (/ˈɪnsɪdəns/-n)

tần suất, tỷ lệ mắc phải
ex: ...there was a change in the incidence of water-borne disease at that time, especially dysentery.

Synonyms: proportion

regulate (/ˈreɡjuleɪt/-v)

điều chỉnh, kiểm soát
ex: Macfarlane deduced that whatever the British were drinking must have been important in regulating disease.

Malt (/mɔːlt/-n)

lúa mạch

ex: But in the late 17th century a tax was introduced on malt, the basic ingredient of beer.

Prevalence (/ˈprevələns/-n)

sự phổ biến, thịnh hành
ex: Could it be the prevalence of tea in their culture?

=trending

coincidence (/kəʊˈɪnsɪdəns/-n)

sự trùng hợp ngẫu nhiên
ex: Macfarlane then noted that the history of tea in Britain provided an extraordinary coincidence of dates.

extraordinary (/ɪkˈstrɔːdnri/-adj)

phi thường, lạ thường, đặc biệt

ex: Macfarlane then noted that the history of tea in Britain provided an extraordinary coincidence of dates.

extraordinarily (adj)

= extremely = unique

>< unextraordinary

dipping (/dɪp/-v)

giảm, nhào xuống
ex: By the 1740s, about the time that infant mortality was dipping, the drink was common.

= fall = decrease

purify (/ˈpjʊərɪfaɪ/-v)

lọc, thanh lọc, làm cho sạch
ex: Macfarlane guessed that the fact that water had to be boiled, together with the stomach-purifying properties of tea...

out of contention for

không còn cơ hội chiến thắng
ex: ...which, by Macfarlane's logic, pushed these other countries out of contention for the revolution.

sip (/sɪp/-v)

nhâm nhi

forge ahead (/fɔːdʒ/-v)

tiến lên phía trước
ex: But, if tea is a factor in the combination lock, why didn't Japan forge ahead in a tea-soaked industrial revolution of its own?

literacy (/ˈlɪtərəsi/-n)

trình độ học vấn
ex: Macfarlane notes that even though 17th-century Japan had large cities, high literacy rates, even a futures market...

Synonyms: background

abandoned (/əˈbændənd/-adj)

bị bỏ rơi

ex: ...So, the nation that we now think of as one of the most technologically advanced entered the 19th century having 'abandoned the wheel'.

affluent (/ˈæfluənt/-adj)

giàu có

ex: ...an affluent middle-class willing to buy mass-produced objects...

market-driven

Định hướng thị trường
ex: ...a market-driven economy and a political system that allows this to happen.

gives way to

Nhường chỗ, nhường đường cho