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Structural & functional differences between different types of lipids

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Structural & functional differences between different types of lipids

Lipids are hydrophobic molecules.

Triglycerides are an energy storage lipid

  • Composed of glycerol joined to 3 fatty acid molecules.

  • By condensation reaction

  • Forming ester bonds

  • They are transported in the blood in HDLs or LDLs

  • If any of the fatty acids contains 1 or more carbon-carbon double bonds it is an unsaturated fat

Triglycerides can be hydrolysed to release the fatty acid chains, which can be further broken down into Acetyl-CoA molecules that can be used in respiration.

Saturated fatty acids are straight molecules, can pack more closely together & are associated with high risk of CVD

Cholesterol is a planar molecule found in cell membranes

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2

Describe what lipoproteins are & normal role of HDL & LDL

  • Lipoproteins are triglycerides surrounded by a layer of phospholipid, protein & cholesterol.

  • Lipoproteins are how triglycerides are transported in the blood.

  • Excess energy in diet is converted to LDLs by liver for fat to be transported to adipose tissues for long term storage.

  • LDLs contain more saturated fats, more cholesterol & less protein.

  • When energy stores are used up, fat is released by adipose back into the blood as HDL

  • HDLs contain more unsaturated fats, less cholesterol & more protein.

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3

Describe the role of lipoproteins in CVD

  • The ratio of HDL to LDL is correlated to CVD

  • A low HDL : LDL is a risk factor for CVD

  • Because WBC can absorb their saturated fats & cholesterol to become foam cells.

  • A high HDL : LDL is thought to have protective effects against CVD

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