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Structural & functional differences between different types of lipids
Lipids are hydrophobic molecules.
Triglycerides are an energy storage lipid
Composed of glycerol joined to 3 fatty acid molecules.
By condensation reaction
Forming ester bonds
They are transported in the blood in HDLs or LDLs
If any of the fatty acids contains 1 or more carbon-carbon double bonds it is an unsaturated fat
Triglycerides can be hydrolysed to release the fatty acid chains, which can be further broken down into Acetyl-CoA molecules that can be used in respiration.
Saturated fatty acids are straight molecules, can pack more closely together & are associated with high risk of CVD
Cholesterol is a planar molecule found in cell membranes
Describe what lipoproteins are & normal role of HDL & LDL
Lipoproteins are triglycerides surrounded by a layer of phospholipid, protein & cholesterol.
Lipoproteins are how triglycerides are transported in the blood.
Excess energy in diet is converted to LDLs by liver for fat to be transported to adipose tissues for long term storage.
LDLs contain more saturated fats, more cholesterol & less protein.
When energy stores are used up, fat is released by adipose back into the blood as HDL
HDLs contain more unsaturated fats, less cholesterol & more protein.
Describe the role of lipoproteins in CVD
The ratio of HDL to LDL is correlated to CVD
A low HDL : LDL is a risk factor for CVD
Because WBC can absorb their saturated fats & cholesterol to become foam cells.
A high HDL : LDL is thought to have protective effects against CVD
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