ALL TOPIC 3: PARTICLE MODEL OF MATTER

Solids

Definite shape and volume, particles don't have much energy = don't move only vibrate in place

Which form is density generally the highest - particles closest together?

Solids

Liquids

weaker forces than solids but stronger than gases, irregular arrangements

How do liquids move?

move in random directions at low speeds

Gases

Almost no forces of attraction between particles

How do gas particles move?

The particles have more energy = free to move, travel in random directions at high speeds

How to find the density of a solid object?

1) Use a balance to find its mass

2) FOR A REGULAR SOLID: Measure its width, length, and height to find its volume

2) FOR A IRREGULAR SOLID: Submerge it in a eureka can filled with water. The water displaced by the object will be transferred to the measuring cylinder, volume of water = volume of object

3) Find the density , density = mass / volume

How to find the density of a liquid?

1) Place a measuring cylinder on a balance

2) Pour 10 ml of the liquid into the measuring cylinder and record the mass from the balance

3) Pour another 10ml repeating the process until the cylinder is full and recording the total volume and mass each time

4) For each measurement, use the formula to find the density, density = mass / volume

5) Take an average of the calculated densities

How does average energy in kinetic stores relate to temperature?

The higher the temperature, the higher the average energy

How does an increase in kinetic energy create pressure?

Gas particles move at high speeds they collide an exert a force (pressure)

What happens if temperature is constant?

If temperature is constant, increasing the volume of gas means the particles are more spread out and hit the walls of the container less often = gas pressure decreases

How is pressure and volume inversely proportional?

When volume goes up pressure goes down, when volume decreases the pressure increases

Specific Latent Heat

Amount of heat needed to change the state of 1 kilo of a substance WITHOUT a change in temperature.

Specific Heat Capacity

The energy required to raise the temperature of one gram of a substance by one degree Celsius

Specific Latent Heat

Amount of heat needed to change the state of 1 kilo of a substance WITHOUT a change in temperature.

Specific Heat Capacity

The energy required to raise the temperature of one gram of a substance by one degree Celsius