Chapter 2-5 bio chem

Electronegativity difference for polar covalent

Electronegativity difference for polar covalent

0.5-1.7

surplus nitrogen

cause of algal bloom

goiter

expanded thyroid gland

prevent hypothyroidism

why do we iodize salt

CT scan

3d X ray

isotopes

what do PET scans use to scan glucose, which is evidence of excess celluar respiration, found in cancerous tumors?

bounce up

what do electrons do when energized by the sun?

covalent

Which bond is easier to break - covalent or ionic?

mass and volume

which two things are required for something to be matter?

aerogel

gel with gas

bose-einstein

solid cooled down to near zero temperatures

bottom

what part of the miniscus do we measure?

water is a good solvent

why do we soak dishes

hydrogen bond lattice

why does ice float

-multiple trials

-verb based instructions

-dont say “gather your materials”

-pictures, flowcharts, and diagrams

-state measurements in units

-clear # of steps

what do we need in procedures?

draw a diagram of DNA. https://www2.nau.edu/lrm22/lessons/dna_notes/dna_notes.html

all of them

which macromolecule types use dehydration synthesis to form polymers

Iron, Iodine, and copper

name three trace elements

water molecules sticking together

cohesion

water molecules sticking to other things

adhesion

-log(H+)

PH formula

1:2:1 (glucose)

carbohydrate ratio

Cellulose, Glycogen, and Chitin

examples of polysaccharides

peptide bond

the bond between amino acids

arsenic, beryllium,cadmium, mercury

examples of toxic elements

-simulated pre-earth conditions with sparks(lightning), H2, CH4, NH3, and H2O

-created organic molecules like CH2O, HCN, amino acids, and hydrocarbons

miller-urey experiment

number of bonds an atom generally makes

valence

Phosphorus, Oxygen, Nitrogen, Carbon, Calcium, and Hydrogen

elements that make up the majority of the human body

arrangement of carbon atoms

what determines if a molecule has a branch, straight, or bent form?

ways a carbon skeleton can vary

hydrophobic

how do hydrocarbons feel about water?

where hydrogens are attached

difference in the structure of estradiol vs testosterone

fossil fuels

example of a hydrocarbon that releases great amounts of energy

hydroxl

carbonyl

carboxl

sulfhydryl

phosphate

75

what percent of the Earth is water?

70-95

what percent of cells is water?

tetrahedral

describe the shape of bonded water molecules

an atom’s ability to attract electrons

define electronegativity

IMPERVIOUS

describes something incapable of getting wet

TEMPERATURE

measure of average kinetic energy of molecules in matter

heat

thermal energy transfer from one body of matter to another

calorie

unit of heat; amount needed to raise the temp of 1g of water by 1° Celsius

high (think of the hot pot with lukewarm water)

does water have a high or low specific heat

high heat of evaporation, enables evaporative cooling

does water have a high or low heat of evaporation

molarity

moles/liter

sum of all the masses

molar mass

H3O +

hydronium ion

-algae photosynthesize too much

-carbonic acid (H2CO3) lowers ocean ph

How does too much CO2 affect ocean life?

error bars

what shows standard deviation on bar graphs?

cytolysis

rupturing of the cell

plasmolyzed

when a cell shrivels up

cleaved

split

purine, it’s longer because it makes no sense

is this a purine or pyramidine?

denaturation:

-heat destroys weak bonds that maintain a protein’s 3d structure

-destroys the function, makes protein inactive

explain how too much heat affects proteins

-peptide bonds (dehydration synthesis

-linear chains

-alterations cause sickle cell

things to mention about primary structure

-alpha helices

-beta sheets

-hydrogen bonds

things to mention about secondary structure

-singular polypeptide chain

-r group ionic bonds and hydrophobic inside bonds

things to mention about tertinary structure

-multiple polypeptides

-r group ionic bonds and hydrophobic inside bonds

things to mention about quaternary structure

part of protein that contributes to overall function of the protein

protein domain

ester linkage

connection of glycerol to fatty acid

14-22 carbons

how long is a fatty acid(in carbons)?

phosphate group, glycerol, saturated fatty acid, unsaturated fatty acid

parts of a phospholipid

• arrangement of phospholipids in response to water

micelles

base hormone, maintains membrane flexible structure

chloresterol

ice

does water or ice have stronger ionic bonds?