APES UNIT 4 FORMATIVE

Which layer of Earth is composed primarily of liquid nickel and iron?

The outer core

The Hawaiian Islands were formed…

at a hot spot

Plate Movement Formula

Time = Distance/Rate

What are the five primary soil formation factors?

Climate, parent material, topography, organisms, time

If added to soil, which would lower the base saturation?

Aluminum

What role does vegetation play in a watershed?

Decreases erosion

Restoring vegetation and forest cover would be _________ forest cover, which would __________ erosion of topsoil. Ultimately, this would improve water quality.

Increase, decrease

The process of succession in a shallow lake

Results in a terrestrial ecosystem

Which tree species is an early-succession species in North American forests?

Aspen

Which letter in the diagram represents the latest stage of aquatic succession?

D

Evidence for the theory of plate tectonics includes

Fossils of the same species on distant continents

A field containing soil that is 60 percent clay can hold a tremendous amount of nutrients but often has poor crop growth. What is the most likely explanation for this phenomenon?

Plant roots have difficulty obtaining water from soils high in clay because they have difficulty penetrating the soil

Research at Hubbard Brook showed that stream nitrate concentrations in two watersheds were _________________ before logging, and that after one watershed was logged, its stream nitrate concentration was ________________immediately after the logging.

similar; increased