MT, Chapter Heart and stuff

root for heart

cardi/o

root for atrium

atri/o

root for ventricle, cavity

ventricul/o

root for valve

valv/o, valvul/o

angi/o

root for vessel

vas/o, vascul/o

vessel, duct

arter/o, arteri/o

artery

root for arteriole

arteriol/o

root for aorta

aort/o

ven/o, ven/i

veins

phleb/o

vein

what does the CV system include?

heart and blood vessels

3 layers of the heart

endocardium, myocardium, epicardium

endocardium

inside lining of chambers and valves

myocardium

thick muscular wall making up the heart

epicardium

outside lining of heart

pericardium

surrounding fibrous sac

atria

upper chambers of the heart

ventricles

lower pumping chambers

pulmonary circuit

right side to lungs

systemic circuit

left to rest of the body

septum

separates O2 and non-O2 blood

where does the right atrium receive low oxygen blood from?

body

Tn

which compound signifies a heart attack

chamber of heart pumps blood to the lungs

right ventricle

chamber of the heart receives blood from the lungs

left atrium

chamber of heart that pumps blood to body

left ventricle

systole

contraction of ventricles

diastole

relaxation of ventricles

heart rate

of contractions per minute

pulse

increased pressure as ventricles contract

pacemaker

SA node

ECG

measures heart electrical energy

arteries and arterioles carry blood

away from the heart

veins and venueles carry blood

toward the heart

capillaries are the

site of gas exchange

aorta

largest artery, carries blood systemically

the aorta is controlled by the

aortic valve

which arteries don't carry oxygenated blood?

pulmonary + umbilical

arteriole

small vessels that carry blood from the arteries to the capillaries

venules

small vessels that carry blood from the capillaries to the veins

AV node

mass that passes impulses from the SA node to the ventricles

AV valves include

the right AV valve (tricuspid), the left AV valve (mitral)

atrium

receiving chamber of heart

bundle branches

branches of AV valve that divide along the septum (bundle of His)

coronary circulation

flow of blood to and from the myocardium

depolarization

change in electrical charge during resting

ECG

study of electrical heart activity through the use of electrodes

functional murmur

normal heart sounds

heart sounds

S1, S2, closing of the valves

pericardium

fibrous sac around the heart

Purkinje fibers

fibers that carry stimulation through the ventricles

repolarization

return of electrical charge to resting muscles

sinus rhythm

normal heart rhythm

atherosclerosis

build up of fatty deposits w/in arteries

thrombosis

formation of blood clot

embolism

blockage of blood by an object or blood clot

CVA, stroke

blockage in cerebral vessel

aneurysm

weakened portion of artery ballooning

hypertension

HBP, ventricles enlarge

coronary artery disease

atherosclerosis of the coronary arteries

treatments for coronary artery disease

angioplasty, bypass

myocardial infarction

diagnosed by creatine kinase MB, troponin

arrhythmia

bradycardia, tachycardia, fibrillation (rapid, ineffective)

heart failure

bad at emptying > edema

• treated with rest and drugs

congenital heart disease

birth defects of heart in fetus

rheumatic heart disease

Strept, damages heart valves

varicose veins

abnormally swollen or dilated veins

phlebitis

inflammation of veins > could become thrombophlebitis

arteriosclerosis

hardening of the arteries

clubbing

enlargement of the ends of digits, bad peripheral circulation

coarctation of the aorta

localized narrowing

deep vein thrombosis (DVT)

thrombophlebitis involving deep veins

dyslipidemia

disorder of serum liquid levels (high everything)

heart block

interference of conducting system

hemorrhoid

varicose vein in rectum

infarct

localized necrosis from obstruction

occlusion

obstruction of vessel

patent ductus arteriosus

passageway btwn. aorta and pulmonary artery remains

plaque

deposit of fatty material, could block vessel

shock

inadequate supply of blood to tissue

syncope

fainting

ablation

removal or destruction

CPR

restoration of heart and breathing artificially or electrically

cardioversion

correction of abnormal heart rhythm

coronary calcium scan

visualizing calcium deposits in coronary arteries

CK-MB

enzyme released in increased amounts following a heart attack

CT angiography

computer scan to visualize blocked vessels

defibrillation

electrical shocks to restore normal heart rhythm

echocardiogram

ultrasound for heart structure visualization

lipoprotein

HDL's correlate with ^ CV complications

stress test

physical fitness evaluation using ECG monitor

troponin (Tn)

protein in muscle cells regulating contraction, ^ means heart attack