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three determinants of high-level cognition

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Description and Tags

cognitive psych

37 Terms

1

three determinants of high-level cognition

  1. working memory and problem complexity

  2. time

  3. long term memory

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2

algorithm

rule that generates the solution of a problem

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3

heuristic

rule of thumb

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4

insight

sudden appearance of the solution to a problem

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5

four stage decomposition

  1. preparation

  2. incubation

  3. insight

  4. verification

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6

sudden flash of illumination

ill defined problems are solved by

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7

incrementally

well defined problems are solved

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8

problem

occurs where there is an obstacle between present state and goal state

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9

states and operators

problems are composed of

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10

problem space

the set of all the problem states

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11

creative problem solving

study of incubation and insight

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12

explicit implicit interaction theory

integrative theory of creative problem solving made up of knowledge interaction and knowledge integration

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13

deduction

inference that draws a conclusion about a specific event on the basis of a general concept

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14

induction

an inference that builds a general explanation about something based on a subset of observations

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15

normative models

theories about how people should think

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16

descriptive models

theories about how people normally think

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17

categorical logic

a normative model for reasoning about propositions using and, or, if, if and only if, & not

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18

universal negative

No A are B

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19

universal affirmative

all A are B

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20

particular negative

some A is not B

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21

particular positive

some A is B

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22

belief bias

the natural tendency to judge a conclusion valid based on how believable it is

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23

conditional reasoning

inferences that us "if-then" statements

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24

confirmation bias

seek evidence that confirms ones hypothesis while ignoring evidence that would prove it false

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25

availability heuristic

estimation of the probability of an event is judged by how easy it is to retrieve it from memory

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26

representativeness heuristic

the probability of an event A is evaluated by the degree to which A resembles event B

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27

anchor

an arbitrary value that participants are asked to consider before making a numerical estimate

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28

anchoring effect

numeric estimates tend to remain close to the anchor

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29

classical approach

require necessary and sufficient attributes

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30

principle of family resemblance

use of characteristic features for categorization

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31

catergories

pointers to knowledge

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32

semantic network view of concepts

classical view without restrictive assumptions

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33

classical view

all or none mentality- no levels

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34

prototype view

average of all members of a category, making one common object

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35

typicality effect

prototypical objects are processed preferentially, named more rapidly, more affected by a priming stimulus

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36

exemplar view

categories are represented by the sets of all previously encountered exemplars, there is no summary representation

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37

similarity based approach

some categories can be learned fast (square) and others require a rule (bachelor)

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