01 Orientation Basic Flashcards

Anatomy

study of the structure and shape of the body and its parts and their relationships to one another.

Integumentary System

external covering of the body, or skin. forms external body covering; protects deeper tissue from injury; synthesizes vitamin D; location of cutaneous receptors and sweat and oil glands.Organs include skin, hair, nails and sweat and oil glands

Integumentary

The ___ system is made up of hair, nails, hair follicles, dermal papillae, oil and sweat glands.

Skeletal System

consists of bones, cartilages, ligaments, and joints. Provides support and levers on which the muscular system can act, protects and supports body organs' provides a framework the muscles use to cause movement; blood cells are formed within bones; stores minerals.

Muscular System

Provides support and movement by contracting and pulling. the skeletal system form this. allows manipulation of the environment, locomotion, and facial expression; maintains posture; produces heat. Organs include all muscles.

Nervous System

Communication system with the brain to all parts of the body, body's fast-acting control system. responds to internal and external changes by activating appropriate muscles and glands. Organs include brain, nerves, spinal cord, anterior ventricular sulcus, subendocardial conducting network.

Brain, Spinal Cord, Nerves

Main Three parts of Nervous System

Endocrine System

Secretes chemical messengers called hormone, controls body activities, but it acts much more slowly. glands secrete hormones that regulate processes such as growth, reproduction, and nutrient use (metabolism) by body cells.

Endocrine

The Pineal Gland, Pituitary Gland, Thyroid Gland, Thymus, Adrenal Gland, Pancreas, and Ovary/Testis are part of ___ System.

Cardiovascular System

Delivers oxygen and nutrients to body tissues, Organs include the heart, arteries, veins and blood. blood vessels transport blood, which carries oxygen, carbon dioxide, nutrients, wastes; heart pumps blood.

Lymphatic System

Defends body against infections, complements that of the cardiovascular system. picks up fluid leaked from blood vessels and returns it to blood; disposes of debris in the lymphatic stream; houses white blood cells involved in immunity.

Lymphatic

The ___ system is made up of Red Bone Marrow, Thymys, Lymphatic Vessels, Thoracic Duct, Spleen, Lymph Nodes

Respiratory System

Exchanges gases in blood and air, keeps the body constantly supplied with oxygen and removes carbon dioxide. the gaseous exchange occur through the walls of the air sacs of the lungs.

Respiratory

The ___ system is made up of Nasal Cavity, Pharynx, Pariertal Pleura, Larynx, Trachea, Bronchus, and Lung.

Digestive System

Breaks down food into smaller particles that can be absorbed, a tube running through the body from mouth to anus. breaks food down into units that enter the blood for distribution to body cells; indigestible foodstuffs are eliminated as feces.

Digestive

The ___ system is made up of Oral Cavity, Esophagus, Liver, Stomach, Intestines, Rectum, and Anus.

Urinary System

Conserves body water or eliminates excesses, removes the nitrogen-containing wastes from the blood and flushes them form the body in urine. regulates water, electrolytes, and acid-base balance of the blood.

Urinary

The ___ system is made up of Kidney, Ureter, Urinary Bladder, and Urethra, Minor Calyx, Nephron.

Reproductive System

Provides for conception and childbearing, provides new cell growth and repair, testes produce sperm and male sex hormone; ducts and glands aid in delivery of viable sperm to the female reproductive tract. ovaries produce eggs and female sex hormone; remaining structures serve as sites for fertilization and development of the fetus.

Male Reproductive

This ____ systems is made up of testes, prostate gland, Scrotum, Penis, Ductus Deferens, and Mesometrium.

Female Reproductive

The ___ system is made up of mammary glands, ovary, uterus, vagina, and uterine tube.

Anatomical Position

the body is erect with the feet parallel and the arms handing at the sides with the palms facing forward.

Anatomical

In the ____ position, the body is maintaining a neutral stance, eyes face forward, thumbs pointing outward.

True

True or False: The terms right and left refer to the sides belonging to the person BEING viewed.

Axial Region

Opponent of Appendicular Region; Head, neck, and trunk on central axis.

Appendicular region

Consists of limbs (appendages) and their girdles (pectoral and pelvic) that attach to the axial skeleton

Anterior/Ventral

front of the body

Abdominal

anterior body trunk inferior to ribs, contains the stomach, liver, intestines

Acromial

point of shoulder

Antebrachial

forearm

Antecubital

anterior surface of the elbow

Axillary

armpit

Brachial

arm

Carpal

wrist

Cervical

neck region

Coxal

hip

Crural

leg (anterior)

Digital

fingers, toes

Femoral

thigh

Fibular

lateral part of leg

Frontal

forehead

Inguinal

area where thigh meets body trunk; groin

Nasal

nose area

Oral

mouth

Orbital

eye area

Patellar

anterior knee

Pelvic

area overlying the pelvis anteriorly

Pubic

genital region

Sternal

breastbone area

Tarsal

ankle region

Thoracic

chest

Umbilical

navel

Posterior/Dorsal

back of the body

Calcaneal

heel of foot

Cephalic

head

Gluteal

buttock

Lumbar

area of back between ribs and hips (lower back)

Occipital

posterior surface of head

Olecranal

posterior surface of elbow

Popliteal

posterior knee area

Sacral

area between hips

Scapular

shoulder blade region

Sural

the posterior surface of low leg (calf)

Vertebral

area of spine

Plantar

sole of the foot

Sagittal Section

along lengthwise or longitudinal plane of the body; dividing the body into left and right parts.

Midsagittal (median) Plane

left and right sides are equal; down the middle

Frontal (coronal) Plane

along lengthwise plane that divides the body or organ anterior and posterior parts.

Transverse (horizontal) Plane

horizontal plane that divides body into superior and inferior parts. (Darth Maul)

Parasagittal Plane

Sagittal Plane (Vertical cut that splits into left/right) that is OFFSET from midline.

Oblique Sections

cuts made diagonally between the horizontal and the vertical planes

Superior (cranial or cephalad)

toward the head end or upper part of a structure of the body (above)

Inferior (caudal)

away from the head end or toward the lower part of a structure of the body (below)

Ventral (anterior)

toward or at the front of the body (in front of)

Dorsal (posterior)

toward or at the backside of the body (behind)

Medial

toward the midline of the body (on the inner side)

Lateral

away from the midline if the body (on the outer side)

Proximal

close to the origin of the body part or the point of attachment of the limb to the body trunk.

Distal

farther from the origin of body part or the point of attachment of a limb to the body trunk

Proximal/Distal

Typically used to describe limbs

Superior/Inferior

Typically used for body proper

Superficial (external)

toward or at the body surface

Deep (internal)

away from the body surface (internal)

Dorsal Body Cavity

two subdivisions (cranial and spinal)

Encloses Central Nervous System

Function of the Dorsal Cavity

Dorsal

The ___ cavity includes Brain, spinal cord, meniges, cerebrospinal fluid, cranial nerves.

Cranial Cavity

space inside the bony skull, (brain), Part of Dorsal Cavity

Cranial

The ___ cavity inside the Dorsal Cavity is only made up of Brain.

Spinal Cavity

extends from the cranial cavity nearly to the end of the vertebral column, (spinal cord)

Ventral Body Cavity

contains all the structures within the chest and abdomen. (lungs, heart)

Ventral

The ___ body cavity is the largest one; contains the Thoracic and Mediastinum Cavities

Thoracic Cavity

superior. separated from the rest of the ventral cavity by the diaphragm. Includes the Mediastinum, Pleural, and Pericardial Cavities.

Thoracic (cavity)

The ___ cavity in the ventral body cavity includes the lungs, heart, esophagus, and trachea.

Diaphragm

dome-shaped muscle

Mediastinum

This ____cavity is the central region of thoracic cavity, excluding the lungs. Organs include the heart, thymys, esophagus, trachea, major blood vessels.

Pleural Cavity

Part of Thoracic Body Cavity; contain fluid in between the space of the parietal and visceral layers of pleura.

Pleural

The ___ cavity in the thoracic includes the lungs.

Pericardial Cavity

Part of Thoracic Body Cavity; contain serous fluid in the space of parietal and visceral layers of Pericardium

Pericardial

The ___ cavity surrounds the Mediastinum.

Abdominopelvic Cavity

subdivide into abdominal and pelvic cavities.