India, China, and Southwest Asia

Imperialism

In China there was a conflict of …

dynastic

A reason china was ripe for revolution was because of the (blank) cycle

tradition

A reason china was ripe for revolution was because of (blank) v. modernization

Sun Yat-sen

Sun Yat-sen Considered the most important revolutionary leader and the father of modern china; he was attracted to western ideas but distrusted westerners

Sun Yat-sen

Whos goals were to establish democracy and expel foreigners?

Sun Yat-sen

This person overthrew the Qing empire, became president, and declared the Republic of China

The three principles

Nationalism, peoples rights (democracy and freedom), and people’s livelihood (wanting everyone to get a job) were…

kuomintang

This was the new political party that Sun Yat-sen created that was the dominant nationalist group until 1949

not enough military support

What was the issue with Sun as president

Yuan Shikai

Who does Sun give power to?

Yuan Shikai

He was a powerful general and member of the Qing court who tried to create a new imperial dynasty, banned the Kuomintang, and died when the civil war broke out

Warlordism

What was the result of Yuan Shikai’s death?

Warlordism

Controls a region by force; typically by military control

Roles of WW1 on china

joined allies; mistake - treaty of Versailles gives land to Japan; result - may fourth movement

May fourth movement

protests in tianamnen square where Chinese intellectuals were committed to modernization; asked: why do these young students turn against suns democracy in favor of Lenin’s communism?

Chinese Communist Party

Began under Russian influence; one of its founders: Mao zedong; envisioned a peasant rural revolution; defeasted Kuomintang in 1949

Northern Expedition

kuomintang and ccp cooperating to defeat warlords; goal: end rule of warlords and unify china; Kuomintang was under control of Chiang Kai shek; soviets provided weapons and training

Shanghai coup

Chiang Kai Shek turned on the ccp (his allies) and attacked them in shanghai killing 5,000-10,000 people

Nationalist republic of china

Chiang Kai shek became president of this and it was not recognized by the Soviet union

Long March

6,000 mile journey outrunning the nationalists

Chinese Civil war

result of the long march and non-cooperation; took a break during WW2

Pros of British rule in India

western education systems trains and Indian elite; railroads telegraph and postal system; outlawed sati and infanticide - encouraged by Ram Mohun Roy

Cons of british rule in India

prevents emergence of local industry; zamindar tax system caused landlessness; psychological effect

Ram Mohun Roy

“father of modern India” ; argued in the early 1800s for modernization and westernization

Indian National congress

Nationalist groups led by Nehru and Ghandi

Muslim league

nationalist group led by Mohamad Jinnah

reforms and self rule

what was promised to India after WW1?

Rowlatt acts

passed to curb dissent stating that protesters can be jailed for up to 2 years

Amritsar Massacre

A protest against the rowlatt acts that had over 1,000 casualties

Ghandi

endorsed non cooperation and civil disobedience; publicly refused to obey unjust laws; boycotted British goods, schools, and taxes; refused to work (strike)

Salt March

240 miles from the seacoast; a protest against buying salt from the government; resulted in government of India act (led by Ghandi)

government of India act

limited self rule

The partition

Divided India into Hindu and Muslim states

The Ottoman Empire

known as the sick man of Europe; WW1 was last blow to its existence; people in south West Asia fight for their independence

turkey

the ottoman empire was forced to give up all of its territories except…

Mustafa Semal

headed the nationalists in turkey to overthrow the last sultan; became first president of turkey

reforms in turkey

separation of Islamic and state laws; creation of a court system based on European law not shari’a; women's suffrage

persia (Iran)

nationalists here revolt against the British and reza shah pahlav came to power

reforms in persia

public schools, women's rights(not voting) and roads and railroads

Saudi Arabia

unlike other countries, this one held to Islamic law

Saudi Arabia

country where modernization was limited and there was not practice of democracy

oil

this was deposited in large amounts in Iran, iraq, saudi Arabia, and kuwait which was 2/3 of the world’s supply and led to competition among westerners to dominate the region

Palestine

consisted of Israel, the west bank, and the Gaza strip

palestine

jews were driven out of here in 135 CE

palestine

after the defeat of the ottomans this country was given to the british as a mandate

Balfour Declaration

promoted the idea of creating a Jewish homeland in Palestine