Studied by 0 people
Looks like no one added any tags here yet for you.
Cell Colony
A group or cluster of cells in one condensed area; can sometimes be seen with the naked eye
Auxotroph
The state of a mutant bacterium that is unable to produce/synthesize a molecule that is vital for life
Prototroph
A wild-type allele that is able to produce the necessary components needed for select forms of life.
Replica Plating
The process of transferring one colony from one plate of bacteria to another plate with the goal of creating a copy of colonies
Horizontal Gene Transfer
A method of genetic material transfer involving organisms not related to a parent/offspring group
Donor Cell
A cell that provides genetic information to another cell
Recipient Cell
A cell that receives genetic information from another cell
F-plasmid
A plasmid that allows for genes to be transferred between bacteria
F+ Cells
Donor cells containing an F-plasmid
F- Cells
A cell lacking fertility (F-plasmid) content, meaning they cannot transfer material during conjugation
Hfr Cells
(High Frequency Recombination); these cells pass on an F-Plasmid while integrated into the bacterial chromosome; donor cell responsible for recombination by conjugation
Pilus/Pili
A hair-like structure on the surface of some bacteria to help with adhesion, colonization, and infection
Conjugative Pilus
The bridge where DNA crosses from its donor (either F+ or Hfr) to its recipient (F-)
Exogenote
A piece of DNA from a donor cell that is transferred to a recipient cell during the mating of prokaryotic organisms
Endogenote
The genome of a recipient cell; the homologous part of the bacterial chromosome that is received from the recipient cell during conjugation
Conjugation
A method of DNA transfer using a physical bridge; physical transfer
Transformation
A process in which recipient cells pick up bacterial DNA in the environment; sourced from dead donor cells
Transduction
The process in which viruses of bacteria (bacteriophages) accidentally transfer DNA from donor cells to recipients
Exconjugant
A cell that has separated after conjugation, exchanging genetic material with another cell
Transformant
A cell/organism that has acquired new genetic material; can be through infection or experiment
Transductant
A cell that has undergone the transduction process, that has had DNA transferred
Competent Cell
Cells that can take up DNA from their environment
Artificial Transformation
A technique in science that introduces foreign DNA into bacteria cells
Electroporation
A technique using electric pulses to create temporary pores (more permeability) in the cell membrane
Virulent Bacteriophage
A type of bacteria that infects the cell by quickly hijacking components, creating new phage particles, and going through lysis to release progenies to infect more
Temperate Bacteriophage
A virus that integrates its DNA into a bacterial host’s chromosome
Lysogenic Bacterium
A bacteria cell (infected) that can transfer the ability to produce more phages
Lytic Induction
An approach using chemical inducers and anti-viral drugs to target viruses and treat malignances associated with them
Lytic Stage
A phase during viral replication where a virus takes over a host cell, replicates, and breaks the cell to infect others
Prophage
A bacteriophage genome incorporated into the bacteria’s DNA
Generalized Transduction
A process of transferring bacterial DNA from one cell to another by hijacking and releasing contents
Specialized Transduction
A process of transferring bacterial DNA from one cell to another by injecting viral DNA into the genome
