Ch 2: Old Testament - 1: Law & History

What is the name "Septuagint"'s orgin and definition.

It is the Latin word for 70

The Septuagint is the \_____ translation of the \____________.

Greek, Old Testament

What is the tradition behind the Septuagint?

70 Jewish scholars translated the text in Alexandria, Egypt during the reign of Ptolemy Philadelphus (285-247 BC)

What version of the Old Testament does the Orthodox Church use?

Septuagint

Does the Septuagint include the Apocryphal Books

Yes

How many and what are the divisions of the Septuagint

1\. Book of the Law: Genesis and Deuteronomy (5 Books) \n 2. Book of Israel's History: Joshua to Maccabees (18 Books) \n 3. Book of Wisdom: Psalms to Wisdom of Sirach (7 Books) \n 4. Book of Prophesy: Hosea to Daniel (19 books)

What is the Torah also referred as?

Pentateuch

What do the Books of the Law describe

God's creation of the world

Who is the author of the Pentateuch?

Prophet Moses

What does the Pentateuch begin and end with?

God's Creation and ends through the days of Moses

Describe Genesis.

Genesis means beginning. It describes God's creation of the world and he fall of man beginning with Adam and Eve. The first part of Genesis talks about the history of man from creation, Noah and the flood, and the scattering of nations from the tower of Babel. The rest of the book contains the history of Abraham and family. Abraham showed obedience in One God. The remaining portion of Genesis talks about the descendants of Abraham including the three patriarchs, Abraham himself, Isaac and Jacob and concluding with Joseph in Egypt

Who did God choose for the beginning of His own special people?

Abraham and his family

What is Abraham called?

The father of all faithful

What does Exodus mean?

Departure

What does Exodus refer to?

The people of Israel's journey out of slavery from Egypt

When was Exodus written?

The book was written during Israel's wandering in the wilderness for 40 years from the time of crossing the Red Sea to entering the promised land of Canaan.

Exodus can be divided into 3 parts what are they

Ch 1-3 Covers God's Promise to free the people of Israel from slavery in Egypt and the call of Moses \n Ch 14-18 Covers how God used Moses to free the Israelites and guide their journey through wilderness to Mount Sinai \n Ch 19-40 Takes place at Mt. Sinai where the Lord tells the people of Israel to obey His voice and keep His covenant. Moses received the 10 Commandments from the Lord from the Lord. The people of Israel received laws governing worship, sacrifice, and everyday life, including making the sacred tent, its furnishing, altars and priestly clothes.

What does Leviticus detail?

The worship, as dictated by God, to be led by ordained priests from the tribe of Levi.

What is the primary focus of Leviticus?

The primary focus is to show how to encounter God through appropriate worship and be acceptable to Him through an obedient spiritual walk.

What does Numbers continue?

The history of the people of Israel during the 40 years when they lived in the wilderness between Mount Sinai and Canaan

Why is the book of Numbers called "Numbers"?

It begins with Moses taking a census of all the people in each of Israel's 12 tribes.

What is Numbers about?

The people who are rebellious, discouraged, and refused to believe that the Lord would take care of them. The book shows how the Lord protected the Israelites and wanted them to realize that he did not want them to be destroyed but he wanted to bless them.

What does Deuteronomy mean?

Second Law

What did Moses say to the people of Israel

He gave farewell speeches where he repeated God's laws because he was told he was going to die on the eastern side of the Jordan

What does Joshua mean?

salvation

Who did God chose to lead His people to the promised land?

Joshua

Describe the book of Joshua

The book talks about how the Lord helped Israel capture many of the cities and towns of Canaan. The book describes how each tribe received its land and at the end of the book it is mentioned the two speeches Joshua made emphasizing how God the Lord had been to the Israelities.

What are some miracles in the book of Joshua

In the battle of Jericho, the Lord made the city walls collapse. In the battle at Gibeon the Lord made huge hailstones fall from the sky and crush the enemy soldiers. He made the sun stand still so the Israelites had a longer period of daylight.

Who wrote the book of Judges

Samuel

How did the people act during the period of the book of Judges.

The people rejected the Lord and worshipped idols.

How did the Lord react to the people actions during the Book of Judges?

The Lord punished them by letting other nations attack and defeat them. The Israelites turned back to the Lord and asked for His help and he sent a special leader called a judge who helped them defeat their enemies.

What is the Book of Judges named after?

The 13 judges of Israel. 12 raised by God and one usurper. The total number of judges is 15.

What happened when each Judge died?

The Israelites were faithful to the Lord as long as the judge lived, but when they died they would reject God.

Describe the Book of Ruth

It gives an account of a Gentile woman named Ruth. She refused to leave her elderly mother-in-law Naomi who was left by herself with her two daughter-in-laws after the death of her husband and two sons. Ruth refused to leave her mother-in-law and placed her under the protection of the tone true God. She was rewarded with a rich man named Boaz who she married. Through the marriage, Ruth is the great-grandmother of David and foremother of Jesus.

Why was the First and Second Kingdoms divided into 2 books?

They were two long to fit on one scroll

Who is the main character of the First and Second Kingdom?

Prophet Samuel, who was the last judge of the Israelites and helped Israel's fight against enemies.

Who wrote the First and Second Kingdoms?

Prophet Samuel

Who is the first king of Israel?

The people asked the Lord for a king to lead the army once Samuel died so He appointed Saul

Who is the second king of Irael?

God asked Samuel to anoint David as the second king.

What does the First and Second Kingdom additionally talk about

the early childhood of Prophet Samuel and the lives of King Saul and King David

The Third and Fourth Kingdom of the Septuagint is called \_________

1 and 2 Kings

Who wrote the Third and Fourth Kingdom?

Prophet Jeremiah

Who are the parents of King Solomon

Bathsheba and King DEavid

King Solomon had \_______

great wisdom and wealth

Who was entrusted to build the temple in Jerusalem

King Solomon

By the end of the Fourth Kingdom the Kingdom goes in \______

disarray

Who destroyed the temple in Jerusalem?

Nebuchadnezzar, King of Babylon and the Israelites are taken as prisoners to Babylon

Did Elisha stay with Elijah?

yes

Who is the author of the First and Second Chronicles

Prophet Ezra

What does the book detail?

The reign of King David, his son Solomon and the other Kings that followed them.

What does the First Chronicle give special mention to?

The genealogy of David from Adam and writes how David becomes the King of Israel after the death of King Saul according to the word of the Lord through prophet Samuel.

Who became the king of King Saul

David

What are Prophet Ezra's feelings towards King David

He praises and admires King David ignoring his sins and short coming.

What does the First Chronicle end with

The anointment of King David's son Solomon as the King of Israel before the Lord.

What does the second Chronicle detail?

The fourty years of King Solomon's reign and his task of rebuilding the temple of God on Mount Moriah

The first book of Ezra is an \____________ Book.

Apocryphal

When was the first book of Ezra written

During the time of Israelities return to Jerusalem from their captivity in Babylon

What is the main theme of the First Book of Ezra

The renewed commitment of the Jewish people to worship in Jerusalem after the restoration of the Temple and follows the Law of Moses

Who were the people chosen to worship the one true God and through Him gain their strength and character according the first book of Ezra?

Israelities

Where is the second book of Ezra found and who wrote it?

It is found in the Masoretic text and was written by Prophet Ezra

What does the second book of Ezra emhasize

the faithfulness and blessing of His chosen people when God's commands are followed and sin and punishment otherwise. Ezra advises the Israelities to trust in God and not in their military strength

What is the second book of Ezra also called

Book of Theology

Was Nehemiah a priest or a prophet?

Neither, he was a common man

Who was the sole motivator in shaping the religious practices of the Jewish community after their return from exile in Babylon

Nehemiah

Who was the governor of Jerusalem and what did he do during the time of Nehemiah?

Nehemiah was the governor. He used his administrative powers as the Governor of Jerusalem to reestablish the Mosaic law as the spiritual basis for the returning Jews and was instrumental in rebuilding the laws and gates of Jerusalem.

What type of book is the Tobit

Apocryphal

Tell the story of Tobit

It is about a fervent believer in exile in Ninevah. He practiced charitable almsgiving according to the Mosaic Law in all his dealings with his people. At one point, the King of Ninevah seeks his life for burying the dead Israelites and yet Tobit praises God and seeks his mercy. Upon the change of leadership in Ninevah, he returns to the land as a poor man and goes blind.

What is the book considered an iconic book of salvation?

Tobit where God through time immemorial is preparing mankind for uniting us to Him in Christ.

Describe Judith

Judith was a beautiful Jewish widow of a wealthy and pious father. She lived in the village of Bethulia. The countrymen were fearful of the approaching army of King Nebuchadnezzar led by his general Holophernes, Judith stands up single handedly and protects Israelities.

What is the main theme of Judith?

Judith's unfailing trust in God to protect her people is the major theme.

True or False: The book of Ester has additional sections that are apart of the apocryphal books

True

Who is the author of Esther.

Mordecai

What does the book of Esther talk about?

It tells us the history of Israel. Esther was a orphan girl brought up by Mordecai who showed her to worship the One True God. With divine intervention, she replaces the queen of Persia to become the new queen of King Xerxes. She uses her royal position to persuade the king to save her people (Jews) from evil plans of Haman who was determined to eradicate them.

What is the major theme of the Apocryphal Book of Macabees

God's deliverance of Israel during the Jewish wars and how God rewards those who are faithful to the law and punishes evildoers.

What is the story of the First Macabees?

A story of the weak overcoming the mighty because they pray to God, trust in him and obey his laws.

What language was the first Macabees written in?

Hebrew

What book was probably called Hasmoneans

First Macabees after the house of Hashmon

Who began the Jewish revolt against the Selucid Empire.

Matthias with the help of his 5 sons.

What does the author of First Macabees make clear?

God chose the Hasmonean family as the instrument of his deliverance. Their primary objective was the rededication of the temple, an event still celebrated through Hanakah.

Was the author of Second Macabees same as first

no

Describe Second Macabees

It begins with two letters from Jerusalem to the Jews in Alexandria, Egypt urging them to celebrate the rededication of the temple in Jerusalem and to resist pagans. The author summarizes the five-volume work of Jason of Cyrene concerning the exploits of Judas Maccabeus and his family.

What language was Third Macabees written in

Greek

Describe Third Macabees

It begins with a description of the attempt of King Ptolemy to enter and desecrate the Holy of Holies in the Jerusalem Temple. When the desecration is averted by divine interventions through the prayers of Simon the high priest, the King returns to Egypt determined to wreak vengeance on Israel for his humiliations in Jerusalem. The rest of the book describes the persecution of the Jews, the miracles wrought on their behalf and their subsequent deliverance by God.