GOv chatper 2

mercantalism

An economic theory designed to increase a nation's wealth through the development of commercial industry and a favorable balance of trade.

Social Contract Theory

The belief that governments exist based on the consent of the governed.

political culture

commonly shared attitudes, beliefs, and core values about how government should operate

Virginia Plan

proportional representation in both houses of a bicameral Congress and stronger central government. The plan favored larger states

New Jersey Plan

called for one house legislature with one vote for each state, congress having the ability to raise revenue and a supreme court appointed for life. wanted to strengthen the articles not replace them

Great Comprimise (Connecticut Plan)

the final decision that made a two house legislature with a house based on population, and one with fixed seats for all states for equal representation

Three-Fifths Compromise

Agreement that each slave counted as three-fifths of a person in determining representation in the House for representation and taxation purposes

Federalism

The distribution of constitutional authority between state governments and the national government, with different powers and functions exercised by both.

separation of powers

a way of dividing government into three branches of executive, legislative, and judicial. each one with different authorities

Checks and Balances

A system that allows each branch of government to limit the powers of the other branches in order to prevent abuse of power

Legislative checks Executive

impeachment, reject legislation or funding requested, refuse to confirm nominees or treaties, override a veto by 2/3 votes

Legislative checks Judicial

change the number of federal courts, impeach federal judges, propose amendments to override judicial decisions

Executive checks on Judicial

appoint federal judges, refuse to implement decisions

Executive checks Legislative

Veto legislation, call Congress into special sessions, implement (or fail to enforce) laws

Judicial checks Legislative

Rule federal and state laws unconstitutional

Judicial checks Executive

Declare executive branch actions unconstitutional, Chief Justice presides over impeachment trials

Article I

Sec 2 - house of Representatives, Sec 3 - Senate, Sec 4 - Time manor and Place of Elections, Sec 8 - enumerated powers and proper clause

Article II

Sec 1 - election of president, Sec 2- inherent powers of President, sec 3 - responsibilites

Article III

Sec 1 - Judicial Branch, Sec 2 - judicial Powers

Article IV

Admission of New states, full faith and credit Clause

Article V

Proposal of amendments, ratification of amendments

Article VI

Supreme Law of land (Supremacy clause)

Supremacy Clause

National Law supersedes all other laws passed by the states or any other subdivision of government

Anti-Federalists

Favored weak federal and Strong state governments. (Small farmers, laborers, shopkeepers)

Federalist Papers

A collection of 85 articles written by Alexander Hamilton, John Jay, and James Madison under the name "Publius" to defend the Constitution in detail.

Bill of Rights

The first ten amendments to the Constitution. The reason anti-federalists passed the Constitution

Federalists

supporters of the Constitution. (Property owners, the rich, merchants, Mid Atlantic and northeast)

enumerated powers

the powers of the national government (CONGRESS) in article 1 Sec 8

Necessary and Proper Clause (Elastic Clause)

gives CONGRESS the authority to pass all laws necessary and proper to carry out their enumerated powers specified in Constitution.

Implied Powers

Powers not specifically mentioned in the constitution

inherent powers

powers that belong to the PRESIDENT because they can be inferred from the Constitution

Full Faith and Credit Clause

Ensures that judicial decrees and contracts made in one state will be binding and enforceable in any other state

participatory democracy

Citizens have power to vote directly on policy

pluralist democracy

organized groups compete with one another to influence policy

elite democracy

small number of usually elected officials influence political decision making.

Federalist 10's points

Factions are inevitable, Federal government has the most power followed by states, fixed number of representatives to filter out for quality candidates, Elite democracy (favors republican system of government)

Brutus 1's Points

Protect peoples popular sovereignty, caution on federal powers (necessary and supremacy), Country too big for legislature to appeal to states needs, States get more rights, Participatory (wanted more local power as locals agree with each other)

Popular Sovereignty

Citizens ability to Participate

Republic

elected representatives by the people

federalist 51

Defends separation of Power and the republican process, also about checks and balances