U.S History 1301 Final Review 2024

1.What 3 important events occurred in Jamestown in 1619?

The arrival of 20 odd slaves ( considered servants) , women and the establishment of the house of  burgesses 

2.What agreement did the Separatists (The pilgrims) sign before leaving their ship that called for support of rules made through majority rule?

The Mayflower Compact

3a.What was the economic basis for the New England Colonies?

Ship building, Lumber, Whaling, Small farms, Fishing, Craftsmiths

3b. What was the economic basis for the Middle colonies

“The breadbasket”, LOTS OF FARMING, Wheat, Oats and Barley

3c. What was the economic basis for Southern Colonies

 lots of farming mainly for cash crops such as tobacco, Indigo and rice, Tons of slave labor and indentured servants

4. What was the overriding concern of the Framers when writing the Constitution?

The Framers were afraid of a strong central power bc they wanted to avoid tyranny.

5.What led to the Boston Massacre?

• Protest against taxes (Sugar and Stamp Acts)

• Finally in a breaking point, a crowd of Bostonians fucked around and found out when they started throwing snowballs, rocks and sticks at the British Solders guarding the customs house before some soldiers who were taunted by the mod fired into the crowd

6. Why was the Continental Army successful at the battle of Yorktown?

French Navy blocked the Chesapeake bay so the British couldn't escape

7.What were the weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation government?

• Lack any president or executives office, national judiciary or Supreme court

• It took 9 out of 13 states to pass a measure and amending the Articles required the consent of all the states (which made it impossible to pass anything at all)

• Acts put face by the congress were non-binding, which meant states had the choice to enforce them or not 

• Lacked the power to tax citizens 

• Weak central government

• Could not regulate trade or commerce

• Had no direct power over citizens

8.Which law provided for the survey of western lands and the division into

sections and townships?

The Land Ordinance of 1785

9a. What is the 1st amendment?

RAPPS- Religion, Assembly, Petition, Press, and Speech

9b. What is the 2nd amendment?

The right to bear arms

9c. What is the 4th amendment?

No unreasonable searches and seizures by the government

9d. What is the 10th amendment?

Any power not stated to be given to the federal government is reserved to the states or the people

10a. What was the Federalists viewpoint of the constitution and reason?

Full support of ratification of the constitution, wanted a strong central government and saw it as a way to prevent tyranny

10b. What was the Anti-federalist and their view of the constitution and why?

Did not support the ratification of the constitution and feared for a strong central government that would lead to tyranny. Many spoked out wanting a bill of rights with the constitution to ensure their rights on a national level

11.What were the Kentucky/Virginia Resolutions?

A response to the Alien and Sedition acts written by Thomas Jefferson and James Madison to push that the acts were illegal and unconstitutional. The resolution also pushes and introduces the idea of nullification, or the rights of states to nullify the acts of congress or laws that were considered unconstitutional.

12.Which politician gained a reputation as a fighter against Native Americans at

the Battle of Tippecanoe Creek?

William Henry Harrison (Or nicknamed “Tippecanoe”)

13.What is the lasting importance of the War of 1812?

• Uprise of American pride

• Recognized by other countries and the US being put into the spotlight

• Less strict interpretation of the constitution

• Gave permanent US independence

14.In what ways did slaves resist their situations?

• Oftentimes slaves would sabotage the working environment whether that be acting dumb, breaking tools, working slowly, making mistakes, faking illness, running away, etc were ways to resist without the risk of being punished or the easy way out of hard labor.

• Religion, music, and maintaining culture were also other ways slaves resisted their situation (For example: they sang songs to teach their young how to run away)

• ***Important to note, violent slave uprisings RARELY happened and was not a common way for slaves to resist

15.How did Upland (short-staple) cotton become profitable and what resulted

from its success?

• One thing that made upland cotton to become more profitable was the invention of the cotton gin which allowed a more faster and easier way of taking out the smaller seeds 

• The result of its success and its profitability was the increase of slavery to pick more cotton

• more pressure to move west

16.What changes did the Erie Canal make in the U.S.?

• Transportation was made easier, faster and cost less

• Even the location of the canal helped with a commercial advantage as it created a water highway between the Hudson River to Lake Erie which allowed it transport a enormous amount of goods across (along with a decrease cost of shipping)

• Was in New York State where the Erie Canal helped connect to the Great Lakes

17.What was the intent of the Monroe Doctrine and how did the world view it?

• The Monroe Doctrine was against any European powers trying to colonized or interfere with affairs in the western hemisphere

• The world did not care for crap about what the US said so the doctrine didn’t really solve anything (as a algology to what they thought it was basically a demanding child (The US) trying to boss a bunch of a adults (The European powers))

18a. List the three components of the Compromise of 1820.

Missouri would be a slave state, Maine a free one, and slavery could exist south of Missouri’s border (at latitude 36° 30'). Also called the Missouri Compromise

18b. Which former president viewed the Missouri Compromise as a threat to the nation?

Thomas Jefferson

19. What accusation did Jacksonian Democrats make about the outcome of the Election of 1824 and why?

They thought the election was stolen from Andrew Jackson, because when he didn't win the electoral college, Henry Clay made sure that Jackson didn’t win the house (bc Clay hated Jackson) so John Quincy Addams won the presidency. Also called the “Corrupt Bargain”

20.What were Pet Banks

A select few of president Andrew Jackson’s FAVORITE banks (and they were loyal to Jackson and his beliefs). They were called “pet” banks because everyone loves pets right??? It was used more so as a derogatory term to represent Andrew Jackson’s status as a little bitch. These were state banks that he chose to hold federal government deposits after he withdrew them from the second bank of the United States because he was a HATER and saw the second bank as lame and a threat to democracy. Meant to decentralize the BUS, were state chartered, and unregulated. 

21.What caused the South to become more dependent on slavery in the early

1800s?

• Cotton production 

• You can also argue the cotton gin made slavery more important and promoted but it's probably just cotton

22.Where did the Texas Revolution win and who was the Texas commander?

Won Battle of San Jacinto, Sam Houston

23.When did the Specie Circular take effect?

July 11, 1836 after Jackson left office

24.According to the film, which nation demanded the return of the Amistad Captives?

Spain

25. Where was the epicenter of the Second Great Awakening?

    America

Burnt Over District in Western NY

26.What argument did John C. Calhoun make in defense of slavery?

Said that slavery was just a part of southern culture, way of life, their honor, and that it was a positive good bc slaves liked being slaves

27.What was the famous campaign slogan used during the Election of 1840?

“Tippecanoe and Tyler too” (Refers to William Henry Harrison and John Tyler's campaign slogan)

28. What was Manifest Destiny?

The idea that Americans had the god given right to expand west. (sea to shining sea)

29.Why didn’t the U.S. annex Texas as a state in 1836? What did Texas become instead of a state?

The balance between slave and free state would become unbalanced so with the US unwilling to bring Texas in, Texas became its own republic

30.What was the common purpose for all the reform movements of the early 1800s

To create the perfect society

31. Although utopian societies attempted to create perfect communities using different methods, they all shared what common outcome?

They all failed, none of them even made it to their dream goals.

32. What was the significance of the Declaration of Sentiments at the Seneca Falls Convention?

It was based on the constitution and followed the same wording however it included the phrase “We hold these truths to be self-evident: that all men and women are created equal” which signaled that both men and women were equal (Yay equal rights)

33a. How did the Mexican-American War begin?

The war would strike out when President Polk pushed the US forces into Corpus Christi and then later the banks of the Rio Grande to build a fort (to get the Mexican army to attack.) In Mexico’s eyes the US was invading their nation and they fired at them but Polk in response to this declared that Mexico has shed American Blood on American soil and demanded the US to declare war on Mexico

33b. What were the results of the Mexican-American war?

• Friction over the expansion of slavery

• The Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo 

  • Ended the Mexican-American War

  • Mexico ceded nearly half of its land to the US (The Mexican Cession: Land all west of the Rio Grande)

  • The US promised to grant Mexican Citizens in ceded territory US citizenship when the territories they lived in became states

  • The US agreed to assume $3.35 million worth of Mexican debts owed to US citizen and paid Mexico $15 Million

  • Mexico recognized the Rio Grande as the boundary with the US

34a. During the middle 19th Century, why did Germans come to America?

Came over due to religious unrest and economic issues

34b. During the middle 19th Century, why did the Irish come to America?

Potato Famine

34c. During the middle 19th Century, why did the Chinese come to America?

To get gold for their warlords (Cali gold rush)

35. List the 5 parts of the Compromise of 1850. Which component caused the greatest increase in sectional anger?

• California entered as a free state,

• Popular sovereignty was how slavery was decided in Utah and New Mexico even tho these states were above the Missouri compromise line,

• no slavery in the capital but okay everywhere else,

• Fugitive Slave law was passed (got the most outrage)

• the border between Texas and New Mexico was established.

• Texas boundary was set

36. List the 3 components of the Dred Scott decision by the U.S. Supreme Court?

1. A slave can never be a citizen of the US and they cannot sue

2. Congress had no power nor authority to stop or to limit the spread of slavery into American Territories and Declared the Missouri compromise unconstitutional

3. Dred Scott remained a slave since he was considered chattel (moveable) property hence regardless of where he went he was still property to the slave owner. (your stay in free territory make no difference)

37. What caused the Democrat Party to split in 1860?

Dred Scott decision, Freeport doctrine, and slavery

38. What were the campaign promises of the Republican Party in the Election of

1860?

• Wanted to give free land in the west

• Raised Tariffs

• wants to build a transcontinental railroad

• Pledged to prevent the spread of slavery into the territories (they were also against the slave power)

39. What led South Carolina to fire upon Ft. Sumter?

 President Lincoln goaded the Confederacy bc he sent more troops over 

40. What was the most significant conclusion drawn by both sides after the 1st Battle of Bull Run?

The war was not going to be as simple as just a one 90 day battle, rather the war was going to be more blooder and last longer than once thought.

41. What was Sherman’s March to the Sea?

Union forces making their way to Savannah (60 miles wide and 300 long), destroyed everything in their path to demoralize the south. Looted, destroyed crops, and killed livestock

42. Which army surrendered at Appomattox Court House?

The confederate Army (Practically the Confederate General Robert E. Lee)

43. How many Americans died in the Civil War?

At least 750,000 people

44. Who murdered Abraham Lincoln?

John Wilkes Booth

45. What were the reasons behind Andrew Johnson’s impeachment?

Kept vetoing congressional measures, his prickly personality, and his strong belief in White Supremacy, and caused political conflict over control of reconstruction

46. What group was the largest percentage of laborers for the Central Pacific Railroad?

The Chinese

47. What group used terror against Republicans in the South?

The Ku Klux Klan

48. What was U.S. Grant’s greatest weakness as president?

Had poor political experience and judgement, also trusted ppl too easily leading to corruption 

49. Who was finally chosen as president after the Election of 1876?

Rutherford B. Hayes

50a. What is in the 13th amendment?

Abolished slavery

50b. What is in the 14th amendment?

Citizenship rights for all persons born or naturalized in the US

50c. What is in the 15th amendment?

Voting rights regardless of race (only for men and did not include Native American Men)