morality unit 3 4th,5th,& 6th commandments

What is the 4^th Commandment?

Honor your father and mother

What is the theological value and significance of the family and the domestic church?

Family is the Domestic Church because it is where you first learn values of respect, honor, obedience, gratitude, affection, faith, hope and love

What is the theological value and significance of the family and Trinity?

The family mirrors the Trinity

Is the family the foundation of society?

Yes

What happens if the family cannot fulfill their responsibilities?

Others must help without usurp the family’s prerogatives or interfere in its life

Why is the 4^th commandment the first that deals with honoring others?

If we can’t honor those who gave us life, it will be harder to honor/ be entrusted with others

What have parents given children?

The Greatest gift: the gift of life

Why should we respect our parents?

Since they gave us the gift of life

What is our ultimate end according to our faith?

Love, not power

why the family should be the first place we learn this

What is the original cell of social life?

Family

What are the duties of children?

Obedience, Respect, Material and moral support, and support of brothers and sisters

Do children always have to obey their parents?

No, only if it is for his good or the good or the good of the family

When does respect end?

Never, it continues even after the obligation for obedience is complete

When is material and moral support needed?

In times of old age, illness, loneliness, and distress

What are the duties of parents?

Education and Moral Education, providing for physical and spiritual needs, choice of appropriate school, advice in career and spouse (not forced), and things I want in my family letter

Do parents need to teach the faith and virtues to their children?

Yes, they must teach about Christ and the sacraments (faith) as well as the virtues

Which virtues must parents teach their children?

Tenderness, forgiveness, respect, fidelity, self-denial, sound judgment, self-mastery, and love

How can parents teach faith and virtues to their children?

Through examples at home and outside

Why is the 4^th Commandment addressed expressly to children in their relationship to their father and mother?

Since this relationship is most universal

What does the state owe the family?

Must respect the fundamental rights of the human person

Do you have to follow the laws of your country?

No

Which laws in your country do you have to follow?

Civil laws that are just (all 4 conditions met)

Why do you have to follow just laws?

Since they are for our own good and the good of society

How should those in authority act to their community?

Those in authority should act in service of the community for the common good

What do we owe all lawful authorities?

Following civil laws

Why do you have to follow just laws?

Since they are for our own good and the good of society

What are our duties as citizens?

Contribute to the good of society, pay taxes, vote, defend the country, welcome the foreigner (as much as able), and refusal of obedience to unjust demands

Does the Church encourage us to be politically active?

Yes, but it cannot be confused with politics

Should a priest, nun, or brother run for office or hold a prominent within a political party?

No

Should the Church endorse a party?

No, never

What is the 5^th Commandment?

Thou shall not murder

What does the Church teach about the basis of this commandment?

Human life is sacred

Why is human life sacred?

It comes from God

What is forbidden?

Any direct, intentional killing & any indirect act or failure to act that causes someone to die

What does the Old Testament say about this commandment?

“Do not slay the innocent and the righteous”– Ex.23:7

What does Jesus say about this commandment?

In the Sermon on the Mount, Jesus reminds his disciples of the 5^th commandment and that we should not give to anger, hatred, or vengeance and we should turn the other cheek

What does the Catechism say about the 5^th commandment?

God alone is the Lord of life from its beginning until its end

Why can no one claim himself the right to take another’s life?

So no one can claim for himself the right to destroy an innocent human being

What is forbidden?

• Direct and intentional killing that eugenics and/or public health concerns cannot justify

• Also to bring about the death of another

• Anything with the intention of indirectly bringing about a person’s death

How might this relate to injustices such as famines?

Any acceptance of murderous faminines without efforts to remedy them are a grave offense as its indirectly homicide

What about reckless actions where death is not intended?

It is not morally imputable

Are you exonerated from grave offense if you unintentionally kill someone?

Without proper reasons, you are not exonerated from grave offense that brings someone’s death even without intention to do so

What is the one thing that self-defense should not do?

Should not cause more harm than necessary

Is all killing forbidden?

No

Why is self-defense permissible and under what circumstances?

Principle of double effect: when persons are protecting their own life or coming to someone else’s aid

Is it our right to protect ourselves and others in danger?

Yes, loving ourselves is part of God’s plan for us

When might it be a grave duty?

When we are responsible for the lives of others

What if death of the other party is directly willed?

• Then it is not permissible

• It will be unlawful if too much violence is used; only moderate is lawful

What is double effect?

It is what to do when an action has two effects: one desirable and one unintended evil

What are the 4 parts of double effect?

• The moral object must be good or neutral, not intrinsically evil

• The good effect doesn’t occur as the result of the evil effect (the evil effect isn’t a means to the good effect)

• The evil result is tolerated, not intended—it is the good effect intended. The evil effect flows indirectly from the act, while the good effect flows directly from the act

• There is a proportionate reason for doing the act—there are no other alternatives

How to apply the principle of double effect?

To morally complex cases in which one cannot achieve a particular desired good result without brining about some clear evil

Should everyone avoid war?

Yes, but as long as war perisits, governments cannot be denied the right of lawful self-defense once all peace efforts have failed

What if an act of war is directed to the indiscriminate destruction of whole cities or areas with inhabitants?

It is a crime against God and man

What are the 4 conditions of a Just War (Jus Ad Bellum)?

• Real, lasting, grave, and certain damage inflicted by an aggressor on a nation or a community of nations

• Must be a last resort. All other efforts have shown ineffective or impractical

• Must be a good chance for success

• The armed conflict must not create even worse evil than that to be eliminated

1.      What are the 3 conditions of Justice in War, and what is the overreaching principle (Jus in Bellum)?

• Non-combatants and wounded soldiers must be treated humanely

• No ethnic cleansing

• No destruction of whole cities or vast areas

Does blind obedience justify breaking moral laws?

No it does not justify destroying whole cities or killing a bunch of inhabitants

What does the catechism say about the idea of conscription/draft?

That public authorities have the right and duty to impose on citizens the draft

What about those soldiers who carry out their duty honorably?

They truly contribute to the common good

What about conscientious objectors (those who “for reasons of conscience refuse to bear arms”)?

If they do not want to bear arms for reasons of conscience, the government should allow those people to serve the country in another way

How has this doctrine developed?

• Has changed from accepting the death penalty as a legitimate means of safeguarding the common good to now declaring it inadmissible

• Shift is based on a growing awareness of the dignity of the human person, a deeper understanding of penal justice, and the availability of more effective detention systems

What are the 3 purposes of punishment?

• To redress the disorder caused by the offense

• To preserve public order and the safety of persons

• To contribute to the correction of the offender (medicinal purpose)

When might the death penalty be acceptable?

It was considered acceptable in the past when used by legitimate authority after a fair trial for very serious crimes, to safeguard the common good

What requirements must be met to ensure that it is used morally?

• Must be administered by legitimate authority

• Must follow a fair trial

• Must be used only when truly necessary to protect the common good

What does the catechism say about the necessity of using the death penalty today?

It is inadmissible because it attacks the dignity and inviolability of the person, and because effective detention systems exist that protect society without removing the offender’s chance for redemption

What purpose does the catechism say that punishment might serve when it is voluntarily accepted by the prisoner?

It takes the value of expiation, meaning it can serve as a form of atonement for the offense

What two reasons does the Catechism give for limiting or omitting the use of the death penalty?

• The dignity of the person is not lost even after committing serious crimes

• More effective systems of detention now exist that protect society and allow the possibility of the offender’s redemption

What is basic Church Teaching on drugs and alcohol?

• Moderation and temperance must guide the use of alcohol and medicine

• Abuse of these substances is morally wrong

• Drunkenness, drug use (besides therapeutic), production of drugs, and trafficking drugs are grave sins

Why is this included with the 5^th Commandment?

• It pertains to respect for life and physical health – gifts from God

• Any behavior that harms or endangers life is a violation to this commandment

Is suicide a mortal or venial sin?

Mortal

Why is suicide a mortal sin?

It is contrary to the just love of self, offends love of neighbor, and it is contrary to love for the living God

Can we hope for the salvation of those who have committed suicide?

Yes

Why can we hope for the salvation of those who have committed suicide?

The Church prays for the persons who have taken their lives

What if suicide is done as an example for others to follow, especially to the young?

It takes on the gravity of scandal

What if one suffers from grave psychological disturbances, anguish, grave fear of hardship, suffering, or torture?

Can diminish the responsibility of the one committing suicide

Why should we not despair the eternal salvation of those who have committed suicide?

God can provide the opportunity for salutary repentance

The catechism says we are obliged to accept life gratefully and preserve it because we are _________ not owners of the life God has given us

Stewards

Is it ever acceptable to end a human life early in order to relieve suffering and pain?

No, it is always morally unacceptable

Who can decide when our lives are worthless?

Only God

What is direct euthanasia (sim of commission)?

Doing something that causes death

What is indirect euthanasia (Sin of omission)?

Withholding something necessary in order to cause death

What is voluntary euthanasia?

Done at the request of the person to be killed

What is involuntary euthanasia?

Done without the request of the person to be killed

Can the ordinary care owed to a sick person ever be legitimately interrupted?

No

What is ordinary care?

Treatments that are morally obligatory because they offer a reasonable hope of benefit and are not excessively burdensome

What is extraordinary care?

• Treatments that are burdensome, dangerous, disproportionate to be expected outcome, or overly costly or painful

• They are not morally required

Can you give a suffering person pain medication if you know the medicine might shorten their life?

Yes, as long as death is no intended but is merely foreseen and tolerated

What does the catechism encourage us to do for those whose lives are diminished or weakened (in place of euthanasia)?

• Palliative care where you care for the person with compassion and dignity, rather than ending life

• It alleviates suffering without direct causing death

What is quality of life?

Judges the value of a human life by the standard of quality

What is sanctity of life?

Life is sacred, from its natural beginning until its natural end, it involved the creative action of God

Hormones associated with sex and their purpose (pair bonding):

oxytocin & vasopressin

What is oxytocin?

It is released during sexual intimacy and childbirth, helping to create emotional bonds between partners

What is vasopressin?

plays a role in pair bonding as well, particularly in long-term relationships, and is associated with promoting monogamy

What is a term when considering Catholic sexuality?

Complementarity

Why is complementarity a term that refers to considering Catholic sexuality?

• Refers to the war in which man and woman complement each other physically, emotionally, and spiritually.

• Emphasizes the natural, God-ordained purpose of sexual relations within marriage (unit and procreation)

4 Basic Points of Theology of the Body (TOB)?

• The body is a gift

• Sexuality has a divine purpose

• Marriage as a sacrament

• Chastity as a virtue

What is lust?

the sinful desire to use someone else for personal gratification, disconnected from love and respect for the other person.

What is chastity?

the virtue that integrates sexuality according to one's state in life, ensuring that sexual desires are directed toward true love and respect for the dignity of others.

What is ethic?

Refers to specific principles or rules governing behavior

What is ethos?

Refers to the underlying character or spirit of a culture, group, or individual