BIOL 2160 exam 2

Which of the following will cross the membrane through simple diffusion?

a hydrophobic molecule

The energy required during active transport is needed to?

counteract diffusion

an increase in solute concentration will ___ energy

increase

Which of the following is false?

-There is more Na+ outside the cell than inside

-There is more K+ outside the cell than inside

False- There is more K+ outside the cell

In a normal cell at rest the electrical driving force want to move K+____ the cell

into the cell

In a normal cell at rest , the chemical driving force wants to move K+ ____ the cell

out of the cell

If you were told that a given cell has a resting membrane potential of 40+mV what conclusion could you draw about the cell?

the cell is more permeable to Na+ at rest than it is to K+

In a normal cell at rest, which driving force has a strong effect on K+

chemical

For a normal cell, if the membrane potential were 0mV you would expect Na+ to

move into the cell

For a normal cell, if the membrane potential were --100mV, you would expect K+ to:

move into the cell

If a cell has a membrane potential of -65mV what does this mean?

the inside of the cell is 65m more negative than the outside

which of the following is an example of con transport?

movement of glucose and Na+ into the cell

Why is energy needed for the Na+/K+ ATPase?

because Na+ and K+ are being moved against its concentration gradient

Solution A has a concentration of 8M glucose. Solution B has a concentration of 3M glucose. Which solution has more free water molecules?

Solution B

True or false: Osmosis is always a passive process.

True

If a cell were placed in a solution and the mass of the cell increased, which of the following must be true?

the intracellular solution is hyposmotic to the extracellular solution

If a cell with a 2M international sucrose concentration were places in a 5M sucrose solution, what would happen?

the cell would shrivel

A non-specific, large, solid molecule would most likely enter the cell through which process?

phagocytosis

Some depression medication block which process?

receptor-mediated endocytosis

Which of the following is an example of passive transport mechanism?

simple diffusion, facilitated diffusion, diffusion through ion channels

Which of the following chemical messengers travels the greatest distance?

hormones

Which of the following will most likely be bound to carrier proteins in the bloodstream?

hydrophobic messengers

Where would you expect to find a receptor for a hydrophobic messenger?

inside the cell

_____ is a measure of how many ligands a particular receptor binds to

specificity

A ligand that binds a receptor and does not cause a biological response is called:

antagonist

True or False: Neurotransmitters enter the bloodstream

False

A receptor that has kinase activity is most likely ____

an enzyme links receptor

Which of the following is not one of the subunits of a typical G protein

delta

An activated G protein will have _____ bound to it

GTP

Which of the following ion channels typically stay open the longest?

G protein-regulated ion channels

The most common cellular response for lipophilic hormone is:

change in protein synthesis

How are neurotransmitters different than paracrine?

neurotransmitters are only produced by neurons

Where would you expect to find a receptor for a steroid hormone?

inside the cell

Movement of ions form one cell to the next most likely occurs though:

gap junction

p53 is a transcription factor that does what?

increases production of p21 in damaged cells

which of the following is NOT a characteristic of a transformed cancer cell?

a. They have increased production of actin microfilaments

b. They lose the ability to grow un-attached to the basal lamina

An activated G protein will have ____ bound to it

According to the article "John Rocks Error" what factors most greatly contributed to the substantially lower incidence of breast cancer among Asian women when compared to American women?

weight differences (post-menopausal American women are substantially heavier than Asian women)

Which of the following hormones in healthy women, prevents ovulation and establishes pre-- and post-- menstrual "safe" period?

progesterone

Strassman's research on the Dog tribe in Mali concluded that the women in this tribe menstruate on average, ___ times less than the Western women of the same age.

3.5-4 times less

How many mutations are needed for most cancers to occur?

5-6

How does HPV cause cervical cancer?

a viral protein causes dimerization of PDGF receptors

How does RasD function differently from Ras?

Ras^D hydrolyzes GTP too quickly

Tissues that secrete inhibitors of proteolytic enzymes will be ____ resistant to metastasis.

more

Which HPV protein can bind to PDGF receptors, causing sustained cell division?

E5

anti-angiogenesis drugs are used to do which of the following?

prevent development of new blood vessels

Why is the G1 checkpoint in the cell cycle so important?

because it is the only checkpoint that occurs before DNA replication

What does Tamoxifen do?

blocks estrogen receptors

Why are cancer patients sometimes given erythropoietin?

to stimulate red blood cell division

At negative membrane potentials, the electrical driving force for Na+ wants to move Na+ _______ the cell.

INTO

Cancer-causing mutations in proto-oncongenes result in ____________ of these genes.

Excessive activation

During osmosis, water moves towards an area of ______ solute concentration.

higher

p53 is a transcription factor that __________ cell division.

inhibits

Receptors for hydrophilic ligands would be found:

plasma membrane

Receptors for hydrophobic ligands would be found:

inside the cell

The equilibrium potential for K+ is very _________.

negative

The mutated form of Ras breaks down GTP too _______.

slowly

There is always more Na+ _________ the cell.

outside

There is always ______ K+ inside the cell than outside.

more

Tolerance resulting from lower concentrations of a drug actually reaching a receptor is

Pharmacokinetic

What is the process of creating new blood vessels?

Angiogenesis

Which cancer is the 8th most common form of cancer in women?

ovarian

Which is a measure of how many ligands can bind to a particular receptor

specificity

Which of the following ligands can travel the greatest distance?

hormones