Safe Medication Administration for Children

This set of flashcards covers essential concepts regarding safe medication administration for children, including dosage calculations, pharmacokinetics, and techniques for various routes of administration.

What factors influence the metabolism and excretion of medications in children?

Growth and organ system maturity.

What are the three key factors that pediatric dosages are based on?

Age, body weight, and body surface area.

What should be assessed before medication administration in children?

Medication and food allergies, appropriateness of dose, developmental age, physiological and psychological condition, tissue integrity, and IV patency.

What are the four main pharmacokinetic processes to consider in children?

Absorption, Distribution, Metabolism, and Excretion.

What should be done if a medication dosage is outside the safe dosage range?

Notify the provider.

What is the preferred route of medication administration for children and why?

Oral, as it has available preparations and generally better acceptance.

What position should an infant be in during oral medication administration?

Semi-reclining position similar to a feeding position.

How should a nurse measure liquid medication for small doses?

Use an oral medication syringe for smaller amounts and a medication cup for larger amounts.

What should be done to ensure atraumatic care when administering medications?

Use techniques like mixing medication with sweet food or distractive activities.

What procedure should be followed for administering intravenous medications to children?

Assess venipuncture site, use appropriate catheter and ensure continuous monitoring.

What is the correct angle to insert a subcutaneous needle?

90° angle, or 45° for thin children.

How should intramuscular injections be administered in infants?

In the vastus lateralis muscle, with a recommended dose of up to 0.5 mL.

What is the importance of checking with another nurse for high-risk medications?

To ensure safety and verify the medication preparation or route.

What is the procedure for administering otic medications in children under 3 years?

Pull the pinna downward and straight back.

Why should refrigerated medications be warmed before otic administration?

To prevent discomfort during administration.

What should be monitored during intraosseous medication administration?

Signs of infection, fluid leakage, and distal pulses.

What is the formula for calculating Body Surface Area (BSA) in children?

BSA = square root of (Ht (cm) x Wt (kg) / 3600).

What key information should be reviewed in drug guides for dosage calculations?

Weight and/or age-based dosing guidelines, and specifics on drug indications.

What action should be taken following the administration of an injection to minimize discomfort?

Provide distractions, use rewards, apply topical anesthetics if appropriate.