US History Final

Samuel Gompers

Leader of AFL union that is still around today; Made of only skilled labors since they were hard to replace (no women/black americans)

Temperance

practice of never drinking alcohol which lead to prohibition; lead by **women** since they believed alcohol lead drunk men to abuse their families

Muckrakers

writers who wrote about the ugly sides of America/misconduct in government and business; coined by Teddy Rosavelt

Upton Sinclair

Muckraker who wrote *The Jungle* which lead to the Meat Inspection Act; passed under Teddy Roosevelt

Progressivism

voters wanted greater voice in government to get rid of political corruption at state and local level; bring reform to current problems cause by industrialization and urbanization

Progressive Presidents

Teddy Roosevelt; Taft; Woodrow Wilson

Booker T. Washington

Black Americans accepted after they get an education and a job; willing to wait for whites respect; represented **Southern** opinion

WEB DuBois

wanted immediate rights and acceptance by white America; believed African Americans should fight for their rights; represented **Northern** opinion

NAACP

political organization that aimed to help African Americans become free; founded by DuBois

1912 Election

Teddy Rosevelt split republican party and Wilson wins as a democrat; Elephant/Bullmoose = Donkey

Wilson trust

makes it harder to keep a monopoly as a trust

Federal Reserve System

founded by Wilson; national banking system

Women’s Suffrage

19th Ammendemt passed in 1920

Selective Service

draft

Schenck Case

Supreme Court case against Schenck who wanted people to burn their draft cards; **Rights can be taken away during time of war**

Food Administration

headed by H**oo**ver; best of the agencies to help Europe in WWI

Zimmermann Note

Germany tried to drag Mexico into war against US but the note was intercepted

Reasons for US entering WWI

* Zimmermann note
* Uboats

Versailles Treaty

ended WWI but US senate never signed it

Repartitions

Germany forced to pay $$ to allies after WWI; Hitler used this to rally German nationalism

League of Nations

Wilson wanted it to provide world security and bring order in world; US never joined it

Prohibition

18th Amendment led to speakeasies, bootlegging, gangsters; repealed in 1930’s

Scopes Monkey Trial

banned teaching of evolution in parts of the South; they wanted the Bible creation stories but Mr. Scopes was teaching Darwinism; Scopes lost but eventually schools started to teach evolution

Al Capone

greatest gangster of the 20’s from chicago

Republican Presidents of ‘20s

Harding,Coolidge,Hoover; enacted laissez-faire and low taxes

Harlem Renaissance

black writers

Lost Generation

white writers who wrote about war and wanted to escape America

Speakeasies

illegal bars of the ‘20s

Bootleggers

made whiskey and sold it illegally in ‘20s during Prohibition

Jazz Age

jazz came from Blacks that left the south and moved north

Sacco and Vanzetti

radical immigrants during red scare; they were executed for crime some felt unfairly because they were Italian anarchist immigrants

Consumer Age

advertising catered to the image of product to sell; not worry about the quality but convinced people they needed it and used credit cards to buy stuff

Dust Bowl

major environmental problem; people had to move West to new farms

Bonus Army

vets from WWI want bonus from Hoover

1932

FDR elected and promises a new deal

New deal agencies

Social Security, FDIC, SEC, CCC

FDIC

insures your money in banks

SEC

stock market

CCC

young boys protecting community

Eleanor Roosevelt

strong first lady who promised the New Dead but sometimes criticized her husband; really pushed him to work for Black rights

Black Cabinet

included Mary McCloud Bethune

Packing the Court

caused most opposition from the American people toward FDR; he wanted to add more Supreme Court justices for each one over 70 years so the court would not strike down the new deal

Len-Lease Act

help from US to England during WWII

GI

nickname for solders in WWII;

GI Bill

$ for education and houses and businesses to stimulate the economy

Pearl Harbor

Congress declares war on Japan

D-Day

biggest Allied invasion; plan to take Europe back from enemies; led by Eisenhower

Interment camps

Japanese Americans placed in camps because of fear, especially after pearl harbor

Korematsu v US

Supreme court said that Japanese camps were constitutional; US later apologized and paid $$ to families

Island Hopping

plan to keep moving closer in Pacific to finally bomb Japan by winning islands one by one

Manhattan project

nuclear bomb; Truman did not know about it

Germany after WWII

divided into 4 parts; Berlin also divided into 4 parts (US/USSR/France/UK)

Nuremberg Trails

Nazi’s responsible for what they did under Hitler and were punished/executed; says to the world that each person responsible for own actions, can’t just blame Hitler

Women after WWII

went back to home/left jobs

NATO

organized by allies in 1949 to protect from Soviet aggression; Eisenhower 1st head of NATO; will help any member who is attacked by soviets

Warsaw pact

USSR created it to protect Soviet satellite nations

Great Migration

Black American movements to North during WWI and WWII to look for **job**

Marshall Plan

US gave tons of money to help Europe recover after War

Hiroshima

Truman dropped first atomic bomb on Japan

Nagasaki

second atomic bomb on Japan

Blacklist

Hollywood types put out of work by McCarthy accusations; they were accused of being Communist sympathizers even without much evidence

Berlin Airlift

WWII ordered by Truman after Soviets blockaded West Berlin; US got supplies to them by dropping from planes

House Un-American Activities Committee

House of rep. committee that went after supposed Communist sympathizers and charged those Hollywood types with being Communists

Cold War

power struggle between US and Russia after WWII; tearing down of the Berlin Wall symbolized that the Cold War was over

Korean War

**38th Parallel;** war ends at the same point as beginning of war (North Communist South Free)

Sputnik

1st Satellite into space by Russia; caused reaction in US concerning education in Science/Math was weak and we needed to pump $$ into education

Rock and Roll

rebellious music of the 50’s that belonged to the youth

Rosa Park

refused to give up her seat; lead to bus boycotts in Montgomery; MLK

Joseph McCarthy

led the 2nd Red Scare in the 50’s; censured by the sentate

Rosenbergs

Ethel and Julius convicted of selling s

Baby Boom

larger families now moving to suburbs

Levittowns

being built for bigger homes and land for population increase

Fidel Castro

came to power in 1958 Cuba; overthrew the leader and became a Communist dictator; friendly with USSR

Birmingham, AL

MLK bus boycotts; TV showed violence of the police toward these demonstrators; led to protests and the American people upset about this

Brown v Board of Education

overturned Plessy v Ferguson; Separate but Equal no longer allowed

Thurgood Marshall

lawyer on Brown case; 1st black justice on SC

Kennedy/Nixon debates

first televised Pres. Debates; helped JFK look good and get elected

NASA

established by Eisenhower; JFK says we will put a man on the moon by 1969

Neil Armstrong

first man to walk on the moon

Berlin Wall

Russians respond to JFK building up US military to help against Communism and so that build a wall around Berlin

Bay of Pigs invasion

US trained Cuban rebels; they went back to overthrow Castro; badly defeated; **made JFK look bad**

Cuban Missile Crisis

JFK finds out Russians have missiles aimed at US from Cuba; makes Russians back down and take them apart; **JFK looks good**

Peace Corps

established by JFK; Americans go to 3rd world countries to train them so that standard of living will improve

Lyndon B Johnson

Great Society president; modeled after New Deal; medical care, political reform, aid for education, poverty, but poverty not completely eliminated

Civil Rights Act 1964

segregation banned

Medicare

for elderly

Medicaid

for disabled

Voting Rights Act 1965

made it easier to vote

VISTA

Volunteers in Service in America

Warren Report

Oswald line assassin who killed JFK; this is the official commission report

American Indian Movement

arguing for better living conditions on reservations; get et some change but not much

Counter Culture

many movements of the past decade promoted many people to challenge traditional social behavior, from restrictions on rights to cultural norms in dress or hairstyle

Hippies

part of counter culture; wore different clothes, sexually free, did drag; dropped out of society to live like this

1968 Democratic Convention

MLK and Bobby Kennedy killed

Kent State

4 students killed during anti-war protests

EPA

federal agency whose mission was to protect the entire ecological chan; cleaned up and protected the enviroment; sought to eliminate pollutants that posed a risk to the public’s health, like toxic substances that caused cancer

Protest movements of the 1960’s

mostly began with the demand to get out of vietnam

Agent Orange

chemical to defoliate jungle in Vietnam; hurt solder’s health

Vietnam

caused friction in US; we withdrew and south fell to Communism

Gulf of Tonkin Resolution

“blank check” to pres; he will escalate war