England and its American Colonies 1607-1732

Flashcards based on key concepts and vocabulary from the lecture on England and its American Colonies (1607-1732). Each term is paired with its corresponding definition for effective study.

Enclosure Movement

Laws that allowed landowners to fence off land formerly used as common pasture.

Royal Charter

A document granted by the monarch that gives rights and privileges to a person or organization, often for the purpose of establishing a colony.

Magna Carta

A foundational document signed in 1215 limiting the powers of the monarch and establishing certain legal rights.

Puritans

A religious group that sought to 'purify' the Church of England from all remnants of Catholicism.

Lord Protector

The title held by Oliver Cromwell during his rule over England, Scotland, and Ireland.

Glorious Revolution

The peaceful transition of power in 1688 when Parliament invited Mary Stuart and William III to displace James II.

General Assembly

A governing body established by the colonists in Jamestown in 1619.

Act of Toleration

A law passed in Maryland in 1649 to ensure religious equality, later repealed.

Mayflower Compact

The first written framework of government in North America, created by the Pilgrims in 1620.

Theocracy

A system of government in which priests rule in the name of God or a deity, as practiced in the Massachusetts Bay Colony.

Iroquois League

A confederation of Native American tribes formed for mutual defense and diplomacy.

Indentured Servitude

A labor system where individuals contracted to work for a certain number of years in exchange for passage to America.

Middle Passage

The brutal sea journey undertaken by slave ships from West Africa to the Americas.

Slave Factories

Holding areas along the western coast of Africa where enslaved people were kept before being transported to the Americas.

Oliver Cromwell

A military and political leader instrumental in the English Civil War, ruling as Lord Protector.

Savannah

The first settlement founded in Georgia in 1733.

Nathaniel Bacon

A colonial rebel who led a revolt against the Virginia governor Berkeley in 1676.

Pequot War

A conflict in 1636-1637 between English settlers and the Pequot tribe, resulting in significant Pequot casualties.

King Philip's War

A conflict from 1675-1676 between New England colonists and Native American tribes, led by Chief Metacomet.