1.1 Materials and their applications -Design Technology

Manufactured board

a man-made wood based composite material

Stock form

standard sizes in which materials are available

advantages of stock forms(5)

allow for standardisation,uniform,easily transported,less expensive,manufactured in large quantities continually

mechanical properties

how materials react to an external force

physical force

the makeup/structure of the material

compressive strength

a materials ability to withstand being crushed

tensile strength

a materials ability to resist stretching/pulling

torsional strength

a materials ability to withstand a twisting force

bending strength

a materials ability to resist forces that bend the material

shearing strength

a materials ability to resist sliding forced on a parallel plane

Hardness

a materials ability to resist wear and abrasion

Toughness

a materials ability to absorb impact force without fracture

brittleness

a materials property to shatter on impact

Placiticity

a materials ability to be permanently deformed and retain the shape

Ductility

a materials ability to be drawn out under tension, reducing the cross-sectional area without cracking

Malleability

a materials ability to withstand deformation by compression

Elasticity

a materials ability to be deformed then return to its shape

Durability

a materials ability to withstand corrosion

Electrical conductor

a material that allows the flow of electrical current through the material

Electrical insulator

a material that does not allow the flow of electricity through the material

thermal conductor

a material that allows the transfer of heat energy through the material

thermal insulator

a material that does not allow the transfer of heat energy through the material

thermal expansion

the increase in a materials volume in response to heat

Opaque

prevents light from passing through

Translucent

allows some light through and diffuses it

Transparent

allows light to pass through easily

Ferrous

a metal that contains iron

properties of ferrous metals(2)

magnetic,rusts easily

Non-ferrous

a metal that does not contain iron

Alloy

two or more metals with improved desirable characteristics

Hardwood

slow growing deciduous trees

Softwood

fast growing, coniferous trees

advantage of manufactured board (2)

they are available in a wide variety of sizes, bigger sizes available

Thermoplastic polymer

a polymer that can be repeatedly reheated and reshaped

Thermosetting polymers

a polymer that cannot be reshaped

chemical properties of thermosetting polymers

molecules have strong crosslink

chemical properties of thermoplastic polymers

long linear chain molecules,recycleable

Elastomer

a polymer that can be easily deformed at room temperature then returns to its original shape

desirable properties (5)

chemical resistance,able to add pigment,non-pourous,biodegrable,non-toxic

compliant material

can be scored, cut and bent into shape

porous

allows air/moisture to pass through

glare/gloss

how the paper/board reflects light

strength(paper and boards)

the length of the fibres and the way they are orientated

example of carton boards

cereal box,juice carton

properties of carton board

readily printed on, sealing of a polymers

composites

a material comprised of two or more different materials with enhanced properties

3 types of composites

fibre based,particle based,sheet based

smart materials

a materials whose physical properties change in response to an input or change in environment

modern materials

a material developed through the invention or improved processes

what are comparative workshop tests

tests done using basic tools and equipment

what does tensilt testing measure

how much weight a material can take with the least deflection

what does toughness testing measure

how much impact a material can absorb

in hardness testing if the indent is small what does that mean about the hardness

it is hard

cracks on the outside (malleability/ductility testing )

decreased ductility

cracks on the inside (malleability/ductility testing )

decreased malleability

equipment used in electrical conductivity testing

multimeter

equipment used in thermal conductivity testing

thermometer and bunsen burner

what are industrial scientifically measured tests

standardized tests with specific machinery and professionals

Machine for industrial tensile testing

tensometer machine

industrial toughness testing name

izod impact test

shape of test piece in industrial toughness testing

cuboid with notch

Shape and material of tool in Rockwell Hardness test

diamond cone

Shape and material of tool in Brinell Hardness test

steel ball

Shape and material of tool in Vickers Hardness test

diamond square based pyramid

advantages of NDT

does not damage the material and can see defects under the surface

how does an ultrasonic test work

a transducer generates soundwaves which are pulsed into the material. cracks will deflect the sound and show up on the reciever

advantages of ultrasonic testing (2)

portable,accurate

uses of ultrasonic testing (1)

to check welding

How does X-ray testing work

Gamma rays are passed through the material to see where it is absorbed and passes through more easily

disadvantage of X-ray testing (2)

PPE required, radioactive

uses of X-ray testing (1)

see flaws in PCBs and ICs

name of device in industrial electrical conductivity testing

4 point probe

ohms law

V=IR

equipment used in industrial thermal conductivity testing

heat flow meters and sensors