Psych HL Paper 1 - Sociocultural Approach

APPr studies.

Asch (1951)

Aim
To study conformity to group pressure.

Participants
Male students.

Procedure
Line judgment task with confederates giving wrong answers.

Results
About one third conformed.

Tajfel et al. (1971)

Aim
To test social identity theory.

Participants
Schoolboys.

Procedure
Randomly assigned to groups; gave points to in- and out-groups.

Results
Favoured their own group even with no real competition.

Steele and Aronson (1995)

Aim
To test the effect of stereotype threat on performance.

Participants
Black and white university students.

Procedure
Test framed as diagnostic or nondiagnostic.

Results
Black students performed worse under diagnostic condition.

Berry (1967)

Aim
To study cultural differences in conformity.

Participants
Temne (collectivist) and Inuit (individualist) groups.

Procedure
Asch-style task adapted to cultural context.

Results
Temne conformed more. Inuit conformed less.

Cole and Scribner (1974)

Aim
To study how culture affects memory.

Participants
Schooled and unschooled Liberian children; US children.

Procedure
Memory tasks with culturally familiar and unfamiliar materials.

Results
Memory strategies varied based on schooling and culture.

Bandura et al. (1961)

Aim
To study observational learning of aggression.

Participants
Children.

Procedure
Watched adult act aggressively or neutrally; later given toys.

Results
Children imitated aggression.