Chemistry - 5 Chemical Changes - 5.4 Salts From Metals & 5.5 Salts From Insoluble Bases & 5.6 Making More Salts

All acids contain...

hydrogen ions

Hydrochloric acid

HCl

Sulfuric acid

H₂SO₄

Nitric acid

HNO₃

What metals can react with acids?

metals more reactive than hydrogen (reactivity series)

What is the reaction between a metal and an acid?

a displacement reaction; the more reactive metal displaces the less reactive hydrogen in its acid

Salt

a compound formed when the hydrogen in an acid is wholly, or partially, replaced by metal (or ammonium) ions

Metal and acid

metal + acid → salt + hydrogen

Hydrochloric acid produces metal ... salts

chloride

Sulfuric acid produces metal ... salts

sulfate

Why does magnesium react rapidly with acid?

magnesium is more reactive than hydrogen; it has a stronger tendency to form positive ions

Chloride ions

Cl⁻

Sulfate ions

SO₄²⁻

Nitrate ions

NO₃⁻

The metal is ...

oxidised

The hydrogen ions are ...

reduced

The reaction of a metal and an acid is a ... reaction

redox

Base

compounds that can neutralise acids

An alkali is a base that...

is soluble in water

acid and base

acid + base → salt + water

Ammonium ion

NH₄⁺

Limiting reactant

a reactant that is totally consumed during a chemical reaction, limits the extent of the reaction, and determines the amount of product

Acid and alkali

acid + alkali → salt + water

In neutralisation, the ... reacts with the ... to form water

H⁺, OH⁻

Ionic equation for neutralisation

H⁺(aq) + OH⁻(aq) → H₂O(l)

Acid and ammonia solution

acid + ammonia solution → ammonium salt + water

Ammonia + water

NH₃ + H₂O → NH₄OH

How would you create a pure, dry sample of crystals from the reaction of an acid and an alkali? [3]

- carry out titration with indicator to find how much alkali completely reacts with the acid
- combine those volumes again, without indicator
- crystallise and dry crystals

Acid and metal carbonate

acid + metal carbonate → salt + water + carbon dioxide