matter, property, changes vocab

element

element

a pure substance that cannot be broken down into simpler substances by physical or chemical means

Compound

A chemical combination of two or more different elements; can be broken down into simpler substances by chemical means and has properties different from those of its component elements.

Heterogeneous mixture

A mixture that does not have a uniform composition and in which the individual substances remain distinct.

Homogeneous mixture

A mixture that has a uniform composition throughout and always has a single phase; also called a solution.

Solution

A uniform mixture that contains solids, liquids, or gases; also called a homogeneous mixture.

Physical property

A characteristic of matter that can be observed or measured without changing the sample's composition - for example, density, color, taste, hardness, and melting point.

Chemical property

The ability or inability of a substance to combine with or change into one or more new substances.

Extensive property

A physical property, such as mass, length, and volume, that is dependent upon the amount of substance present.

(size matters*)*

Intensive property

A physical property that remains the same no matter how much of a substance is present. (size does not matter)

Physical change

A type of change that alters the physical properties of a substance but does not change its composition. (can change back into its original composition, ex: break, melting, freezing, evaporating, dissolving, etc)

Phase change

A transition of matter from one state to another.

Chemical change

A process involving one or more substances changing into new substances; also called a chemical reaction. (can not change back into it’s original composition: ex/ combustion, burning, reacting, color change, rust, new substance, smell/odor, baking, temperature, fry, etc)

Vapor

The gaseous state of a substance that is a liquid or a solid at room temperature.

State of matter

The physical forms in which all matter naturally exists on Earth - most commonly as solid, liquid, or gas.

Sublimation

The energy-requiring process by which a solid changes directly to a gas without first becoming a liquid.

Deposition

The energy-releasing process by which a substance changes from a gas or vapor to a solid without first becoming a liquid.

Filtration

A technique that uses a porous barrier to separate a solid from a liquid.

Distillation

A technique that can be used to physically separate most homogeneous mixtures based on the differences in the boiling points of the substances.

Crystallization

a separation technique that produces pure solid particles of a substance from a solution that contains the dissolved substance

Chromatography

a technique that is used to separate the components of a mixture based on the tendency of each component to travel or be drawn across the surface of a fixed substrate

liquid

state of matter that has no definite shape but definite volume

solid

state of matter that has very low KE, definite shape and definite volume

alloy

a homogeneous mixture of metals

mixture

a combination of two or more pure substances in which each pure substance retains its individual chemical properties

state of matter that has no definite shape or volume and whose particles have very high KE

gas

pure substance

matter that has a uniform and unchanging composition