physics formulae

speed

distance ÷ time

acceleration

speed ÷ time

gravity

weight ÷ mass

density

mass ÷ volume

hooke’s law

force = constant x extension

newton’s 2nd law

force = mass x acceleration

moment

force x perpendicular distance from pivot

momentum

mass x velocity

impulse

force x time

kinetic energy

0.5 x mass x velocity²

gravitational potential energy

mass x gravity x height

work done

force x distance

power

work done ÷ time

pressure

force ÷ area

liquid pressure

density x gravity x height

boyle’s law

pressure x velocity = constant

specific heat capacity

energy ÷ ( mass x temperature )

wave speed

frequency x wave length

snell’s law

refractive index = sin i ÷ sin r

refractive index

1 ÷ sin c

charge

current x time

potential difference

work done ÷ charge

electromotive force

work done ÷ charge

resistance

voltage ÷ current

electrical power

current x voltage OR current² x resistance OR voltage² ÷ resistance

resistors in series

R_total = R₁ + R₂ + R₃ …

resistance in parallel

1 ÷ R_total = 1 ÷ R₁ + 1 ÷ R₂ + 1 ÷ R₃ … OR R_total = ( R₁ x R₂ x R₃ … ) ÷ ( R₁ + R₂ + R₃ … )

acceleration of free fall

9.8 m/s²

speed of light in a vacuum

3.0 × 10⁸ m/s

absolute zero

-273 degrees celsius OR 0 kelvin

density of water

~1000 kg/m³ OR 1 g/cm³

specific heat capacity of water

~4200 J/kg degrees celsius

speed of sound in air

330 - 350 m/s

speed of sound in liquid

1400 - 1500 m/s

speed of sound in solid

4000 - 6000 m/s

human hearing range

20 - 20 000 Hz