Major Endocrine Glands and Their Hormones

Pineal gland

Melatonin: Biological Rhythms

Pituitary Gland (Posterior lobe)

Oxytocin: Stimulates contraction of uterus; milk "let down" reflex

Pituitary Gland (Posterior lobe)

Antidiuretic hormone (ADH): Promotes retention of water by kidneys

Pituitary Gland (Anterior lobe)

Growth Hormone (GH): Stimulates growth (bones and muscles) and metabolism

Pituitary Gland (Anterior lobe)

Prolactin (PRL): Stimulates milk production

Pituitary Gland (Anterior lobe)

Follicle-Stimulating hormone (FSH): Stimulates production of ova and sperm

Pituitary Gland (Anterior lobe)

Luteinizing Hormone (LH): Stimulates ovaries and testes

Pituitary Gland (Anterior lobe)

Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH): Stimulates thyroid gland

Pituitary Gland (Anterior lobe)

Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH): Stimulates adrenal cortex to secrete glucocorticoids

Thyroid Gland

Thyroxine (T4) & triiodothyronine (T3): Stimulates metabolism

Thyroid Gland

Calcitonin: Reduces blood calcium level

Parathyroid Gland

Parathyroid Hormone (PTH): Raises blood calcium level

Thymus

Thymosin: "Programs" T lymphocytes

Adrenal Gland (Adrenal Medulla)

Epinephrine and norepinephrine: Raises blood glucose; increase metabolism; constrict some blood vessels

Adrenal Gland (Adrenal Cortex)

Glucocorticoids: Increase blood glucose

Adrenal Gland (Adrenal Cortex)

Mineralocorticoids: Promote reabsorption of Na+ and excretion of K+ in kidneys

Testes

Androgens: Support sperm formation; development and maintenance of secondary sex characteristics

Ovaries

Estrogens: Stimulate uterine lining growth; development and maintenance of female secondary sex characteristics

Ovaries

Progesterone: Promotes growth of uterine lining

Pancreas

Insulin: Reduces blood glucose

Pancreas

Glucagon: Raises blood glucose