Give Me liberty Ch. 9

steamboat

Paddlewheelers that could travel both up- and down-river in deep or shallow waters; they became commercially viable early in the nineteenth century.

Erie Canal

The most important and profitable canal of the 1820s and 1830s, connecting the Great Lakes to the East Coast and making New York City the nation’s largest port.

Cotton Kingdom

A cotton-producing region relying on slave labor, spanning from North Carolina to Louisiana.

cotton gin

Invented by Eli Whitney in 1793, this machine separates cotton seed from cotton fiber, leading to the expansion of slavery in the South.

Porkopolis

Nickname for Cincinnati, coined in the mid-nineteenth century due to its numerous slaughterhouses.

American system of manufactures

A production system that relied on the mass production of interchangeable parts for standardized products, first developed by Eli Terry and Eli Whitney.

mill girls

Women who worked at textile mills during the Industrial Revolution and experienced new freedoms and independence.

nativism

Anti-immigrant and anti-Catholic sentiment prominent from the 1830s to the 1850s, associated with groups like the American (Know-Nothing) Party.

Dartmouth College v. Woodward

An 1819 Supreme Court case that upheld the original charter of the college, supporting contracts against state interference.

Gibbons v. Ogden

A 1824 Supreme Court decision that reinforced the commerce clause, ruling against New York's granting of steamboat monopolies.

Commonwealth v. Hunt

The 1842 ruling by the Massachusetts Supreme Court that established the legality of labor unions.

manifest destiny

Phrase used in 1845 to justify U.S. expansion and settlement of lands in the Great Plains and the West.

transcendentalists

A group of mid-nineteenth-century New England thinkers who emphasized personal and intellectual self-reliance.

Second Great Awakening

A religious revival movement reacting to secularism and rationalist religion, leading to the prominence of Baptist and Methodist churches.

individualism

A term from the 1820s describing the emphasis on personal advancement and fulfillment free of outside interference.

Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-Day Saints

Religious sect founded in 1830 by Joseph Smith and led by Brigham Young to Utah in 1847 to escape persecution.

cult of domesticity

Nineteenth-century ideology emphasizing virtue and modesty as essential qualities of proper womanhood.

family wage

The idea that male workers should earn enough to support their family without wives needing to work outside the home.