Origin of the Universe and the Solar System

Mormon Cosmology

there was a pre-existing or pre-mortal life. human spirits are literal children of heavenly parents

Buddhist cosmology

existence of the universe is dependent upon the action or karma of its inhabitants. if all beings were to disappear, the world disappears with them

Islamic cosmology

Allah created the universe, including earth’s physical environment and human beings

Hindu Cosmology

creation is timeless, it has no beginning. the universe is created, destroyed, and reverted in an eternally repetitive series of cycles

Steady State Theory

the universe is unchanging in time and uniform in space. conitnues creation of matter

Big Bang Theory

there is singularity and supergravity, then an expansion.

Spontaneous symmetry breaking

the process by which forces separate from one another

Galaxies moving away

Presence of cosmic microwave background

Abundance of light elements

Evidences that support the big bang theory

Flatness

Monople

Horizon

Unresolved problems of the Big Bang Theory

Inflation Theory

there has been a period of exponential expansion of the universe prior to the gradual expansion

String Theory

the universe is composed of vibrating strings

Graviton

a partical carrying the force of gravity

M-Theory

the universe occurs as a result of the interaction of hyperdimensional branes

Collision Theory and Tidal Theory

What theories make up the Encounter Hypothesis

Collision Theory

planets are formed by the collision of the sun with a giant comet

Tidal Theory

planets are formed from a substance that was torn out of the sun

Nebular Hypothesis

great cloud of gas and dust begins to collapse because of gravitational pull

Solar Nebular Model

incorporates the components of the nebular hypothesis and solves the original problemof Kant-Laplace’'s hypothesis

Nucleosynthesis

protons and neutrons combine from hydrogen nuclei

Genesis

“In the beginning, God created the heavens and the earth…“

Gravitational Waves

an invisible (yet incredibly fast) ripple in space

Formation of the sun

cloud continued to shrink; become a rotating disk; gravitational energy converted into heat energy; nuclear reaction began and center glowed

Vortex Theory

Solar System formed into bodies with nearly circular orbits because of the whirlpool-like motion of the pre-solar materials

Galaxy

defined as a gravitationally-bound system of stars, interstellar gas and dust, and dark matter

Fred Hoyle, Thomas Gold, and Hermann Bondi

Proposed the Steady State Theory

Georges Lemaitre

Proposed the Big Bang Theory

Alan Guth, Andrei Linde, Pal Steinhart, and Andy Albercht

Proposed the Inflation Theory

Gabriele Veneziano

Proposed the String Theory

Edward Witten

Proposed the M-Theory

Rene Descartes

Proposed the Vortex Theory

George Buffon

Proposed the Collision Theory

Jeans-Jeffreys

Proposed the Tidal Theory

Immanuel Kant and Pierre Laplace

Proposed the Nebular Theory

Nebula

a great cloud of gas and dust