Globalisation Edexcel A level Geography

What are the 4 types of flows

capital, commodities, information and tourists / migrants

What is economic globalisation

increasing integration and interdependent of economies across the world. Eg. TNCs

What is political globalisation

growth of free table blocs, free trade agreements and global organisations, and the emergence of inter-governmental organisations. Eg. UN / World Bank

What is social globalisation

how population structures have changed as a result of changes to the population's characteristics due to migration, immigration, and emigration, eg. Social networking

What is cultural globalisation

transmission of ideas, meanings and values around the world in such a way as to extend social relations, eg. Media through BBC

When was the first McDonald's opened?

1940

What year was McDonald's franchised?

1953

When was the first McD's opened outside the US (in Canada)

1967

What year did the 1000th McD's open?

1968

When was the first European McD's opened? (In Netherlands)

1971

When was the first UK McDs opened? (London)

1974

When was the first African McD's opened? (Morocco)

1992

What is environmental globalisation

refers to a holistic approach to natural problems and issues like climate change which requires a global response, creating interdependence. Eg. 2015 Paris agreement

Name an example of environmental globalisation

WWF Earth Hour

When was WWF earth hour

March 2016

How many countries took place in WWF earth hour

178

How many times has gangnam style been viewed

4 billion

Name an example of political globalisation

Comensa

Name a benefit of remittances

Contributes more than 3x of the amount of aid received globally

How many countries is Blue Planet 2 in

50

What is the blue planet effect

People have become more environmentally conscious

What does the deepening of connections mean

number and type increasing

What does widening and faster connections mean

linking to new places and reducing the time it takes to make these connections

What transport developments have there been

railways, telegraphs and steam ships

How has steam ships accelerated globalisation

19th century steam power paved way for railways and steam ships. Eg triple expansion steam engine, replaced sailing ships and increasing speed and cargo capacity

How did the telegraph accelerate globalisation

1860s first telegraph pole enabled instant communications and revolutionised how business was conducted, replaced 3 week boat journey

What transport developments have there been in the 20th century

containerisation and jet aircraft

How did containerisation accelerate globalisation

allowed transport to be cheaper and greater quantities due to economies of scale, now 95% goods carried in container ships, cost of transporting an iphone is less than a pound. 320% increase in bilateral trade in first 5 year

How has transport accelerated political globalisation?

Ability to have meetings eg EU, UN

How has transport accelerated cultural globalisation

Tourism, (awareness and adaptation), migration

How has transport accelerated environmental globalisation

Contributes to EGE means needs for global solution

What has the shipping cost in the UK decreased to

30% to less than 1%

When was the container invented

1956 malcom maclean

How many docks were there in the UK in 1966?

129,000

How many docks were left in the UK in 1996?

11,000

How much of the UK's cargo enters via Felixstowe?

48%

How has jet aircraft accelerated globalisation

1960s jet aircraft cut transport times and lowered cost of international travel, eg, boeing 747 jet in 1960s carried 500 passengers at 900km an hour

How many outbound trips did Air Asia have in 2014?

120 million

How many passengers are in the sky at any one moment?

1 million

How have ICT communications accelerated globalisation

mobile phones, internet, social networking, e banking + fibre optic

How have mobile phones accelerated globalisation

most common item in 21st century, extended information flows to new locations and enables faster communications

How have the internet nad fibre optic accelerated globalisation.

internet access for 50% of world pop. And enabled social network platforms like 'X' formerly twitter and also fibre optic created broadband and large amounts of data to be transferred very quickly

When was the World Wide Web created?

1991

When was the first tweet sent?

2006

When was the first email sent?

1971

When was the first TV built

1926

When did Facebook launch?

2004

When was the first telegram sent?

1844

When was Google founded?

1996

When was the first mobile phone launched?

1973

When was the first YouTube video posted?

2005

When was the first telephone call made?

1876

In 2013, what was the volume of foreign exchange daily?

US$5 trillion

What was the global GDP in 2015?

US$80 trillion

What fraction of global GDP is created by agricultural and industrial commodities?

1/3

How many Facebook users were there in 2015?

1.5 billion

Where is the internet's information stored?

Server farms e.g Microsoft Data Centre

How many km of flexible undersea cables carry the worlds data

1 million km

How many facebook likes are registered each day (2014)

5 billion, allows ppl to communicate instantly and without charge

Name 3 ways the internet has accelerated economic globalisation (^ increase)

Global finance, online retail, global business communication

Name an example of global finance

Stock market

Name 2 ways the internet has accelerated political globalisation

Political campaigns, online meetings

Name 2 ways the internet has accelerated cultural globalisation

Social media, spread of language

How has internet has accelerated environmental globalisation

Awareness and campaigns

Name a response to a Greenpeace campaign

Lego ended cooperation with shell

When was the container invented

1956

What % of Uk goods enter via container

90%

How has containerisation accelerated economic globalisation

Least cost location enables special division of labour + lowering the costs of trade containerisation has encouraged specialisation and the expansion of global supply chains

How has containerisation accelerated political globalisation

Increase trade, increase political relations

How has containerisation accelerated cultural globalisation

Homogenised products, ports standardised (architecture), cultural products sold worldwide

How has containerisation accelerated environmental globalisation

Increase CO2 from shipping, polluted waters, need global solution

How has the world bank promoted FDI and free trade

provides loans, grants and helps countries develop economically and tackle poverty

When was the WTO founded?

1995

What group of institutions is the WTO part of?

Bretton Woods Institutions

What % of the world's trade is represented by the WTO?

97%

How many countries are in the EU

27 (including UK)

How has the WTO promoted free trade and FDI

regulates global trade upon the signing of GATT.

What was the role of the IMF

supports countries that get into financial difficulties so they can continue to participate in global trade and keep monetary systems safe

What are the two measures of globalisation

KOF and AT Kearney

Whats the advantages of the KOF index

first published 2002, dates back to 1970, uses wide range of date such as UN peacekeeping operations / tv ownership %

Name some disadvantages of the KOF index

outdated indicators due to technological development such and discrepancies in the informal economy and lack of environmental factors + only for 122 countries as of 2023

Name an advantage of the AT Kearney index

2008 first published, aims to look at how they cope with shrinking world, ranks them according to business activity, culture and political engagement, eg also number of museums, more holistic

Name a disadvantage of the AT Kearney index

only for 153 countries vs 195 total

How do trade blocks accelerate globalisation

intergovernmental agreements reduce barriers to trade and there increased interdependence on each other

What are advantages of trade blocs

larger markets to sell to and bigger markets offer no extra taxes, or they are cheap

What are disadvantages of trade blocs

loss of sovereignty, interdependence and forces compromises

Name 2 trade blocks

EU and ASEAN

How many people live in ASEAN's member states

625 million

How does free market liberalism accelerate globalisation

involves promotion of free market and reducing gov. intervention, belief that gov interventions in markets would hinder economic growth and dev. In the long term.

What are special economic zones and whats their effect

SEZs = larhge areas of land set aside by governments for international trade with lower regulations such as lower taxes.

Name an example of an SEZ

Jakarta Export Zone 1960s

When was China's open door policy?

1978

What is the annual GDP growth of China?

10%

Name an SEZ

Shanghai Economic zone

What does a land reform mean

Farmers can make a profit for the first time due to privatisation

China is the leading exporter of goods, how much is it worth?

2.3 trillion US$

What happened to the poverty rate of Taiwan in 10 years?

It halfed

What did exports increase to in from 1980 to 2000 in taiwan

went to $2 billion to $200 billion

How much fdi does china receive a year

$135 billon

How much has quality of life increased by

25%