Health Psychology -- Quiz 3

Male Death Statistics

Die on average 5 years earlier in US, die more often from 12 of 15 leading causes

Why worry about men

Visit physicians less often, utilize health care services less, less knowledgeable about health behaviors, report lower perception of risk

Hegemonic masculinity

Physical toughness, aggression, power, stoicism, sexual prowess

Health promotion is lower if men:

Conform to more masculine norms, do not believe that other men engage in health-promoting behaviors

Masculinity and vaccination

Descriptive norms (how many men get it) was positively associated with their probability to get the vaccine, their prevention of prototypes (those who rated men who get the vaccine as more positive) had even higher association with intention to get the vaccine, there wasn't as much influence on views of masculinity on probability to get the vaccine on its own

Physician gender effect

More masculine men were less likely to listen to a female physician

Prototype willingness model

Our rational and social views factor into our behavioral intentions and behavioral willingness, which determines whether we do a behavior

Descriptive norms

How many people we feel are doing a behaviorP

Prototypes

Images of a typical person who engages in a health behavior

Risk compensation

Fear that when something is offered to prevent something, people will engage with more other risk factors

Theoretical functions of sleep

Energy conservation, predator avoidance, body restoration, mind restoration

Restful wakefulness

Alpha waves, small, rapid brainwaves

Sleep stage 1

Theta waves, begin to get drowsy, more irregular waves, technically a light sleep (although many do not admit to sleeping when awakened), reduction in heart rate and muscle tension

Stage 2 sleep

Sleep spindles and K-complexes, collections of activity, become irresponsive

Stage 3 and 4 sleep

Delta waves, 30-40 minutes after falling asleep, very difficult to wake up, feel groggy when awoken

Stage 5 sleep

REM sleep, mix of Theta, Beta, and Alpha waves, more brain activity, motor neurons suppressed, sensory neurons are active

Night terrors

Sudden awakening, vague and frightening images, occur during stage 3 or 4

Somnambulism

Sitting up, walking around, or even moving furniture, during stage 3 or 4, likely caused by immature nervous system and an abnormal arousal mechanism

REM sleep behavior disorder

Motor neurons not paralyzed during REM sleep, physically act out dreams

Insomnia

Inability to fall or stay asleep, can be primary (not associated with another condition) or secondary

“Traditional” narcolepsy

Frequent and intense sleep attacks, caused by understimulation, direclty into REM sleepE

Excited cataplexy

Narcolepsy that occurs when over stimulated

Sleep paralysis

REM-paralysis while awake, either right before or after sleep, realistic hallucinations

Ventrolateral preoptic area + sleep

Produces GABA — inhibits arousal and makes you drowsyP

Pons and sleep

Peribranchial area releases acetylcholine, helps with sleep regulation and controls REM sleep

Medial pontine reticular formation and sleep

Promotes REM sleep, causes eye movement and paralyzes motor neurons

Adenosine and sleep

Neurotransmitter that inhibits arousal