Lit 2

Who illustrated the cover of TGG?

Francis Cugat

Describe the iconic cover of TGG?

a blue-black night sky with neon lights and dominated by the floating lips and eyes of a women

Who directed the 2013 blockbuster adaptation of TGG?

Baz Luhrmann

Baz Luhrmann directed TGG when?

In a 2013 blockbuster

Who starred in the 2013 blockbuster adaptation of TGG?

Leonardo DiCaprio and Carey Mulligan

Who notes that TGG has become part of America's "iconographic lingua franca?"

cultural critic Greil Marcus

What does cultural critic Greil Marcus note about TGG?

It has become part of America's iconographic lingua franca

TGG is one of the few American novels that is famous as both what?

a book and as a symbol of a recognizable historical period

The 1920s is known as what?

The Roaring Twenties or Jazz Age

Who coined Jazz Age?

Fitzgerald

What were well-dressed men in the 1920s called?

sheiks

What were well-dressed women in the 1920s called?

flappers

The Roaring Twenties is recognizable through famous images. Name 4.

Well-dressed folk drinking gin in lavish saloons and speakeasies, dim jazz clubs featuring pianos, trumpets, and upright basses, neon NYC signs, and gangsters in flashy cars

What 2 dapper gangsters wielded Tommy Guns and drove newly popular cars in the 1920s?

Al Capone and John Dillinger

Al Capone and John Dillinger wielded what as they drove new popular cars in the 1920s?

Tommy Guns

Aside from what period, the 1920s is the most visually recognizable period in American history?

The 1960s counter-cultural "flower children" and "hippies"

Who painted "Where there's smoke, there's fire?"

Russel Patterson

Russel Patterson painted a fashionable flapper, titled what?

Where there's smoke, there's fire

T/F The 1920s also featured significant changes in the lives of Americans who never went to a speakeasy or went to NYC

true

Although many authors told stories about the rude behavior of young people, many also tried to use their literary art to tackle what other major issues?

how to make sense of the violence of WWI and how to navigate a world of new tech, changing social arrangements, and diversifying populations

Fitzgerald was not just a chronicler of his times, but a

_ as well.

product

What movements of the 1920s impacted what Fitzgerald wrote about, how he wrote it, and how his writing was recieved?

social, political, and literary movements

Social, political, and literary movements of the 1920s impacted what about Fitzgerald?

What he wrote about, how he wrote it, and how his writing was recieved

How did the economy look as the 1920s began?

grim

When did the USA enter WWI?

4/6/1917

How much money did the US spend to fuel the war effort?

significant amounts

The wartime expenditure of the US during WWI helped fuel what?

inflation

When does inflation often occur?

When an economy experiences an artificial injection of money

Name 2 examples of how an economy may experience an artificial injection of money?

when the government buys huge amts of a product for a military enterprise or when the government distributes money to stimulate consumer spending

What period of the US is notable for seeing the highest rates of inflation in US history?

1916-20

From 1916-20, prices rose how much percent, with the nation experiencing an economic recession?

80

As US stopped consumer culture due to inflation prices and as the economy ended wartime productivity, the US experienced one of the worst declines in what of US history from 1916-20

production

The US from 1916-20 experienced one of the worst declines in production in history due to what?

less consumer culture due to inflation prices and the end of wartime productivity

When in the 1920s did prices begin to drop?

June onward

What happened as prices began to drop June 1920 onward?

The economy became restabilized and consumers got more spending power

Part of what contributed to the image of 1920s as a period of economic excess is the rapid rise of what?

new consumer products that were developed, refined, and marketed in the decade

Car ownership increased by how much in the 1920s?

tripled

An example of the increase in new consumer products in the 1920s is what?

the rapid growth of the automobile industry

With increased car ownership came new markets, such as…?

gas stations, cheap lodging (motels), new forms of entertainment that were far away

What's a motel?

motor hotel

What were the new types of entertainment that people sought out as car ownership increased?

athletic events, movie theaters, and public musical performances

TGG has crucial plot points revolving around what parts of luxurious automobiles?

the size, shape, and operation

T/F 20 yrs before TGG, the car scenes would have been exotic to readers

true

In 1925, the car scenes of TGG spoke to the country's fascination with the car as a what?

status symbol and as an everyday means of getting around

By what year did the car scenes of TGG speak to the country's fascination with the car as a status symbol and as a means to get around?

1925

What is consumer culture?

a national emphasis on spending money and acquiring material goods

When was consumer culture back "in" after WWI?

by 1925

When was Warren G. Harding's presidential administration?

1920-23

When was Calvin Coolidge's presidential administration?

1923-29

Harding and Coolidge's presidential administrations, aside from 2 major amendments, were consistent in what ways?

ideologically and administratively

Who was president from 1920-23?

Warren G. Harding

Who was president from 1923-39?

Calvin Coolidge

Harding and Coolidge's presidential administrations, aside from how many major amendments, were consistent ideologically and administratively?

2

The 1920s was defined by what kind of changes?

technological, cultural, demographic

What was one of the most transformative changes for many Americans in the 1920s?

increased access to disposable income

Aside from the gradual improvement in the economy, the 1920s also represented the arrival of a new period of what?

urbanization

What is urbanization?

the concentration of more and more Americans in cities

For the 1st time in US history, over what fraction of the country lived in what the U.S. Census define as urban areas in 1920?

1/2

For the 1st time in US history, over half of the country lived in urban areas, defined by who in 1920?

The U.S. Census

What did the U.S. Census define as a urban area?

any place with a population over 2,500

When did the U.S. Census say that over half of Americans lived in urban areas?

1920

What was NYC's population in 1920?

5.6 million

What US city had a population of 5.6 million in 1920?

NYC

When did NYC have a population of 5.6 million?

1920

NYC's population of 1.5 million was 1.5 times larger than what?

The US's entire population in 1790

Although popular literature still frequently recounted the lives of rural Americans, what did more and more novels portray?

the lives of city-dwellers navigating the reality of the dominant urban lifestyle

Who wrote 'Home to Harlem' and when?

Claude McKay in 1928

Who wrote 'Manhattan Transfer' and when?

John Dos Passos in 1925

Who wrote 'Passing' and when?

Nella Larsen in 1929

What did Claude McKay write in 1928?

Home to Harlem

What did John Dos Passos write in 1925?

Manhattan Transfer

What did Nella Larsen write in 1929?

Passing

the novels 'Home to Harlem, Manhattan Transfer, and Passing' all detail what?

the complex and sometimes violent daily lives of African Americans and immigrants in NYC

Who wrote 'The Age of Innocence' and when?

Edith Wharton in 1920

What did Edith Wharton write in 1920?

The Age of Innocence

What does Wharton's 'The Age of Innocence' explore?

NYC's wealthy upperclassmen

Substantial numbers of Black Americans in the 1920s moved from the South to what major cities?

Chicago, NY, Philadelphia, Detroit

Why did many Black Americans in the 1920s move from the South to major cities?

to escape the violence and Jim Crow Era as well as pursue industrial work

When is the 'First Great Migration?'

1910-40

When is the 'Second Great Migration?'

1940-70

The Great Migration brought not just an influx of people, but what to the North as well?

customs, culture, and art

The Roaring 20s serve as one of the 1st major moments in US history where Black artists did what?

help define the national cultural character

As African Americans were now at the center of major cultural centers, they received what that they were often denied in the South?

attention and patronage

The Harlem Renaissance was made possible by the increasing amount of African-American artists who found what in major urban north areas?

work, community, and security

T/F Black Americans in the North never faced discrimination

false

Many cities in the North adopted policies, such as what, that were designed to restrict the growth of Black neighborhoods?

redlining

What 2 people and their family arrived with their family at Chicago's Polk Street Depot on 8/30/1920?

Scott and Violet Arthur

Scott and Violet Arthur and their family arrived where on 8/30/1920?

Chicago's Polk Street Depot

When did Scott and Violet Arthur and their family arrive at Chicago's Polk Street Depot?

8/30/1920

When were 2 of Scott and Violet Arthur's sons lynched, and where?

2 months before 8/30/1920, in Paris Texas

How many sons of Scott and Violet Arthur were lynched in Paris Texas 2 months before their migration?

2

Aside from the influx of African-Americans, US cities also experienced a increase in the population of what?

European immigrants

In 1920, what percent of the US population was an immigrant or 1st gen of an immigrant?

45%

In what year was 45% of the US population an immigrant or 1st gen of an immigrant?

1920

European immigrants in the US experienced what negativity in the USA?

vicious backlash from anti-immigrant, racist, and nativist organizations, sometimes even in discriminatory legislation

Who pointed out that the 1920s was also the time of the reborn KKK, immigration restriction legislation, and the pseudo-scientific racism, and how ethnicity was important?

scholar Peter Gregg Slater

What did scholar Peter Gregg Slater point out of the 1920s?

It was also the time for the reborn KKK, immigration restriction, pseudo-scientific racism, and when concern abt ethnicity was evident

American pseudo-scientific racism came from what 2 individuals?

Madison Grant and Lothrop Stoddard

In TGG, racism and ethnocentrism manifests how so?

in direct representational choices and which sort of characters are marginalized