Anatomy: Ch.10+11 Origins and Insertions

Temporalis

O: temporal fossa

I: coronoid process of mandible via a tendon that passes deep to zygomatic arch

Sternocleidomastoid

O: manubrium of sternum and medial portion of clavicle

I: mastoid process of temporal bone and superior nuchal line of occipital bone

External obliques

O: by fleshy strips from outer surfaces of lower eight ribs

I: most fibers insert into linea alba via a broad aponeurosis

Transversus Abdominis

O: inguinal ligament, lumbar fascia, cartilages of last 6 ribs, iliac crest

I: linea alba, pubic crest

Platysma

O: fascia of chest

I: lower margin of mandible, skin and muscle at corner of mouth

Buccinator

O: molar region of maxilla and mandible

I: orbicularis oris

Risorius

O: lateral fascia associated with masseter muscle

I: skin at angle of mouth

Sternothyroid

O: posterior surface of manubrium of sternum

I: thyroid cartilage

Sternohyoid

O: manubrium and medial end of clavicle

I: lower margin of hyoid bone

Occipitofrontalis/Epicranius

Bipartite muscle consisting of 2 muscles connected by the Galea Aponeurotica

Frontalis

O: Galea aponeurotica

I: Skin of eyebrows and root of nose

Occipitalis

O: occipital and temporal bones

I: Galea aponeurotica

Orbicularis Oculi

O: frontal and maxillary bones and ligaments around orbit

I: tissue of eyelid

Orbicularis Oris

O: arises indirectly from maxilla and mandible, fibers blended with fibers of other facial muscles associated with the lips

I: encircles mouth, inserts into muscle and skin at angles of mouth

Zygomaticus major + minor

O: zygomatic bone

I: skin and muscle at corner of mouth

Masseter

O: zygomatic arch and zygomatic bone

I: angle and ramus of mandible

Omohyoid

O: superior surface of scapula

I: hyoid bone, lower border

Mentalis

O: mandible below incisors

I: skin of chin

Levator palpebrae superioris

O: zygomatic bone and infraorbital margin of maxilla

I: skin and muscle of upper lip

Digastric

O: lower margin of mandible and mastoid process of the temporal bone

I: by a connective tissue loop to hyoid bone

Iliocostalis

O: iliac crests, inferior 6 ribs, ribs 3-6

I: angles of ribs, transverse processes of C6-C4

Longissimus

O: transverse processes of lumbar through cervical vertebrae

I: transverse processes of thoracic or cervical vertebrae and to ribs superior to origin

Spinalis

O: spines of upper lumbar and lower thoracic vertebrae

I: spines of upper thoracic and cervical vertebrae

Scalenes

O: transverse processes of cervical vertebrae

I: anterolaterally on first 2 ribs

Splenius

O: ligamentum nuchae, spinous processes of C7-T6

I: mastoid process of temporal bone and occipital bone, transverse processes of C2-C4 vertebrae

Quadratus Lumborum

O: iliac crest and lumbar fascia

I: transverse processes of upper lumbar vertebrae, lower margin of 12th rib

Internal obliques

O: lumbar fascia, iliac crest, inguinal ligament

I: linea alba, pubic crest, last 3 or 4 ribs and costal margin

External Intercostals

O: inferior border of rib above

I: superior border of rib below

Internal Intercostals

O: superior border of rib below

I: inferior border/costal groove of rib above

Rectus Abdominis

O: pubic crest and symphysis

I: xiphoid process and costal cartilages of ribs 5-7

Diaphragm

O: inferior internal surface of rib cage and sternum, costal cartilages of last 6 ribs, and lumbar vertebrae

I: central tendon

Pectoralis Minor

O: anterior surfaces of ribs 3-5

I: coracoid process of scapula

Serratus Anterior

O: by a series of muscle slips from ribs 1-8

I: entire anterior surface of vertebral border of scapula

Subclavius

O: costal cartilage of rib 1

I: groove on inferior surface of clavicle

Trapezius

O: occipital bone, ligamentum nuchae, spines of C7 and T1-T12

I: clavicle and scapula

Levator Scapulae

O: transverse processes of C1-C4

I: medial border of the scapula, superior to the spine

Rhomboid Major and Minor

O: spinous processes of C7 and T1 and spinous processes of T2-T5

I: medial border of scapula

Pectoralis Major

O: sternal and inferior portion of clavicle, body of sternum, cartilage of ribs 1-6 and aponeurosis of external oblique muscle

I: fibers converge to insert by a short tendon into greater tubercle and lateral lip of intertubercular sulcus of humerus

Latissimus Dorsi

O: spinous processes of inferior thoracic and all lumbar vertebrae, ribs 8-12, and thoracolumbar fascia

I: spirals around teres major to insert into floor of intertubercular sulcus of the humerus

Deltoid

O: clavicle and scapula

I: deltoid tuberosity of humerus

Teres Major

O: inferior angle of scapula

I: medial lip of intertubercular sulcus of humerus

Subscapularis

O: subscapular fossa of scapula

I: lesser tubercle of humerus

Supraspinatus

O: supraspinous fossa of scapula

I: superior part of greater tubercle of humerus

Infraspinatus

O: infraspinous fossa of scapula

I: greater tubercle of humerus posterior to insertion of supraspinatus

Teres Minor

O: lateral border of dorsal scapular surface

I: greater tubercle of humerus inferior to infraspinatus insertion

Coracobrachialis

O: coracoid process of scapula

I: medial surface of humerus shaft

Triceps Brachii Long Head

O: infraglenoid tubercle of scapula

I: by common tendon into olecranon process of ulna

Anconeus

O: lateral epicondyle of humerus

I: lateral aspect of olecranon process of ulna

Biceps Brachii

O:

short head - coracoid process of scapula

long head - supraglenoid tubercle and lip of glenoid cavity of scapula

I: common tendon into radial tuberosity

Brachialis

O: anterior, distal surface of humerus

I: coronoid process of ulna and capsule of elbow joint

Flexor and Extensor Retinacula

band-like thickenings of deep fascia, which firmly anchor the long tendons that insert in the hand distally, keep tendons from jumping out when hand is hyperflexed and hyperextended

Palmar Aponeurosis

sheet-like tendinous extension of the insertion tendon of the palmaris longus muscle

Pronator Teres

O: medial epicondyle of humerus, coronoid process of ulna

I: by common tendon into lateral radius, midshaft

Flexor Carpi Radialis

O: medial epicondyle of humerus

I: bases of 2nd and 3rd metacarpal bones

Palmaris Longus

O: medial epicondyle of humerus

I: palmar aponeurosis and flexor retinaculum

Flexor Carpi Ulnaris

O: medial epicondyle of humerus, olecranon process and posterior surface of ulna

I: pisiform and hamate bones and base of 5th metacarpal

Flexor Digitorum Superficialis

O: medial epicondyle of humerus, coronoid process of ulna, shaft of radius

I: by 4 tendons into middle phalanges of fingers 2-5

Flexor Pollicis Longus

O: anterior surface of radius and interosseous membrane

I: distal phalanx of thumb

Flexor Digitorum Profundus

O: anteromedial surface of ulna and interosseous membrane

I: by 4 tendons into distal phalanges of fingers 2-5

Pronator Quadratus

O: distal portion of anterior ulnar shaft

I: distal surface of anterior radius

Brachioradialis

O: lateral supracondylar ridge at distal end of humerus

I: base of styloid process of radius

Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus

O: lateral supracondylar ridge of humerus

I: base of second metacarpal

Extensor Digitorum Communis

O: lateral epicondyle of humerus

I: by 4 tendons into extensor expansions and distal phalanges of digits 2-5

Extensor Carpi Ulnaris

O: lateral epicondyle of humerus and posterior border of ulna

I: base of 5th metacarpal

Supinator

O: lateral epicondyle of humerus, proximal ulna

I: proximal end of radius

Abductor Pollicis Longus

O: posterior surface of radius and ulna, interosseous membrane

I: base of 1st metacarpal and trapezium

Extensor Pollicis Longus

O: dorsal shaft of radius and ulna, interosseous membrane

I: base of proximal and distal phalanx of thumb

Extensor Indicis

O: posterior surface of distal ulna, interosseous membrane

I: extensor expansion of index finger, joints tendon of extensor digitorum

Iliacus

O: iliac fossa, ala of sacrum

I: lesser trochanter of femur via iliopsoas tendon

Psoas Major

O: fleshy slips from transverse processes, bodies and discs of L1-L5 and T12

I: lesser trochanter of femur via iliopsoas tendon

Sartorius

O: anterior superior iliac spine

I: winds around medial aspect of knee and inserts into medial aspect of proximal tibia

Adductor Longus

O: pubis, near pubic symphysis

I: linea aspera of femur

Adductor Brevis

O: body and inferior ramus of pubis

I: linea aspera above adductor longus

Adductor Magnus

O: ischial and pubis rami and ischial tuberosity

I: linea aspera and adductor tubercle of femur

Pectineus

O: pectineal line of pubis

I: line from lesser trochanter to linea aspera on posterior aspect of femur

Gracilis

O: inferior ramus and body of pubis and adjacent ischial ramus

I: medial surface of tibia just inferior to its medial condyle

Rectus Femoris

O: anterior inferior iliac spine and superior acetabular rim of ilium

I: tibial tuberosity via quadriceps tendon, patella, and patellar ligament

Vastus Lateralis

O: greater trochanter, intertrochanteric line, linea aspera of femur

I: tibial tuberosity via quadriceps tendon, patella, and patellar ligament

Vastus Medialis

O: linea aspera, medial supracondylar line, intertrochanteric line

I: tibial tuberosity via quadriceps tendon, patella, and patellar ligament

Vastus Intermedius

O: anterior and lateral surfaces of proximal femur shaft

I: tibial tuberosity via quadriceps tendon, patella, and patellar ligament

Tensor Fasciae Latae

O: anterior aspect of iliac crest and anterior superior iliac spine

I: iliotibial tract

Gluteus Maximus

O: dorsal ilium, sacrum and coccyx

I: gluteal tuberosity of femur, iliotibial tract

Gluteus Medius

O: between anterior and posterior gluteal lines on lateral surface of ilium

I: by short tendon into lateral aspect of greater trochanter of femur

Gluteus Minimus

O: lateral surface of ilium between inferior and anterior gluteal lines

I: anterior border of greater trochanter of femur

Piriformis

O: anterolateral surface of sacrum

I: superior border of greater trochanter of femur

Obturator Externus and Internus

O: lateral and medial margins of obturator foramen

I: trochanteric fossa of femur, medial surface of greater trochanter

Gemellus Superior

O: ischial spine

I: greater trochanter of femur

Gemellus Inferior

O: ischial tuberosity

I: greater trochanter of femur

Quadratus Femoris

O: ischial tuberosity

I: intertrochanteric crest of femur

Biceps Femoris

O: ischial tuberosity, linea aspera, lateral supracondylar line and distal femur

I: common tendon passes downward and laterally to insert into head of fibula and lateral condyle of tibia

Semitendinosus

O: ischial tuberosity

I: medial aspect of upper tibial shaft

Semimembranosus

O: ischial tuberosity

I: medial condyle of tibia, through oblique ligament to lateral condyle of femur

Tibialis Anterior

O: lateral condyle and upper 2/3rd of tibial shaft

I: by tendon into inferior surface of medial cuneiform and first metatarsal

Extensor Digitorum Longus

O: lateral condyle of tibia, proximal 3/4ths of fibula

I: middle and distal phalanges of toes/digits 2-5

Extensor Hallucis Longus

O: anteromedial fibula shaft

I: tendon inserts on distal phalanx of great toe

Fibularis Longus

O: head and upper portion of lateral side of fibula

I: by long tendon that curves under foot to first metatarsal and medial cuneiform

Gastrocnemius

O: by 2 heads from medial and lateral condyles of femur

I: posterior calcaneus via calcaneal tendon

Soleus

O: extensive cone-shaped origin from superior tibia, fibula and interosseous membrane

I: posterior calcaneus via calcaneal tendon

Plantaris

O: posterior femur above lateral condyle

I: via calcaneal tendon

Popliteus

O: lateral condyle of femur and lateral meniscus of knee

I: proximal tibia